Buffalo, Las Vegas, Uvalde, Parkland… Vanhu vangangosvika chiuru nemazana matatu vakafa muna 1.300 kupfurwa kwevanhu vakawanda kana kuurayiwa mumakore mapfumbamwe apfuura. Zvichangoburwa, pachipatara cheOklahoma apo mumwe murume aiva nepfuti akaridza pfuti ndokuuraya vanhu vana neChitatu chapfuura. Chokwadi chinokatyamadza chinoshandura mhirizhonga ine pfuti kuita denda uye kuita imwe yeanonyanya kutyisa magariro pathologies munyika yeBig Macs. Zvakadaro, hukama hweAmerica nevaridzi vepfuti hwakasiyana, uye tsika dzayo dzepfuti dzaive kunze kwenyika.
Vazhinji vekuAmerica vanokoshesa kodzero yavo yekutakura zvombo, yakanyorwa muBumbiro reMitemo kwemakore anopfuura mazana maviri. "Kwete sekodzero yekutakura uye kuva nezvombo, asi senyaya yekudzivirira pfuma yega uye rusununguko rwemunhu," anodaro Javier Lorenzo, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika uye purofesa paCarlos III University yeMadrid.
Umambo hune kuti 80% yevanhu vanogara kumaruwa, maduku uye akaparadzaniswa zvikuru - uko, chaizvoizvo, chikamu chikuru chepfuti chinoitika -, mhedzisiro inharaunda ye-ultra-individualistic uye yakazviparadzanisa. Ingotarisa pamepu yesarudzo kuti uone kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinopindirana nenyika dzeRepublican, dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekupondwa kwevanhu uye mitemo inochinjika yepfuti. Mumashoko aLorenzo, "inyika umo kushandiswa kwezvombo kunogadziriswa uye kunotoonekwa sechiito chekutamba."
Kubatanidza chisimba chezvombo nechirwere chepfungwa ndicho chinhu chemazuva ose. Asi vane basa rei chaizvo murudzi urwu rwekuuraya? Nyanzvi dzakadai saDr. Fernando Mora Mínguez, chiremba wepfungwa paInfanta Leonor University Hospital muMadrid, anotaura kuti zviitiko zviviri hazvienderani zvakananga. Zvose muUnited States Pasi rose, vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane zvimwe zvinowanzovhiringidza mupfungwa zvakadai sekuora mwoyo kana kuzvidya mwoyo "havasi kunyanya kuita zvechisimba kana kuita zviito zvechisimba kupfuura vanhu vakawanda." Uyewo havasi vanhu vane zvirwere zvakakomba se schizophrenia. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuitwa mhosva kwezvirwere zvepfungwa ichokwadi.
"MuUS, vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa vanongoverengera 5% yemhosva dzakaparwa. Chikamu chacho chinotoderera kana tikataura nezvemhosva nepfuti,” vakatsanangura kudaro Dr. Mora. Kunze kwekunge kune doro uye zvinodhaka zvinobatanidzwa. Kune uyu chiremba wepfungwa, chinhu chikuru chengozi kana uchipara mhosva yechisimba ndeye nyore kuwana zvombo, kunyange "kure pamusoro pekurwara kwepfungwa." Pasinei nokuti "mamiriro ezvinhu ekushaya simba ane chokuita nechinguva chekushushikana kukuru kwepfungwa uye kuwana chombo chine chokuita nekupfura", anosimbirira kuti "haisi chikonzero chakananga".
Chiyero chekudzima moto
muUnited States
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anorwisa zvake
nzvimbo yebasa
chaiyo kana yapfuura
vakaratidza
zviratidzo zvedambudziko
Background yemurwi
akatambura imwe mhando
dambudziko
vivo
kuzviuraya kwe
vabereki
Kwakabva: Gun Violence Archive uye The Violence Project /
PS-ABC
Chiyero che
kupfurwa
muUnited States
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anorwisa zvake
chikamu che
basa
chaiye kana
akapfuura
vakaratidza
zviratidzo
dambudziko
Fund
wemurwi
Ndakatambura
Imwe mhando
dambudziko
akagara the
kuzviuraya
arriba
vabereki
Kwakabva: Weapon Violence Archive uye
The Violence Project /
PS-ABC
rusarura rwezvematongerwo enyika
Kuitwa hutsotsi kwekukanganisika kwepfungwa kusarwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakasvibiswa nenzvimbo dzekirasi kana rudzi. VaTrump pachavo vakavimbisa muna 2019, mushure mekupondwa kweEl Paso, kuti "hutano hwepfungwa neruvengo zvinodhonza, kwete pfuti." MaRepublicans haawanzo kubatanidza kufa nepfuti, asi nehurwere hwepfungwa, uye kwemakore vakavhara marudzi ese ematanho ehutongi hwekusimbaradza kutonga kwavo.
"Chii chiri nyore kune Republican - anonzwisisa misimboti yerusununguko rwemunhu uye kudzivirira pfuma yakavanzika seyakakosha, uye ndiani anoziva kuti 90% yevavhoti vake vari kufarira zvombo - pane kutaura kuti kupfura kune vanhu vanorwara nepfungwa? Nyaya ? Lorenzo akabvunza. Dr. Mora Mínguez anotsigirawo dzidziso yezvematongerwo enyika yehurukuro nenharo dzisina musoro dzakadai sekuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, mapoka emagariro evanhu akaderera kana vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuti vapembedze mhirizhonga yezvombo: "Inzira yekusagadzirisa dambudziko chairo."
Sekureva kweAmerican Journal of Public Health', vanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana vevakapfura muUnited States kubva kuma60 vakaratidza zviratidzo zveparanoia kana kufungidzira vasati vapara mhosva. Inenge hafu yemhondi dzakakwevera imwe mhando yekushungurudzika munguva yavo yapfuura: 34% vakashungurudzwa, 17.4% 'kudheerera' uye 2.9% vakatambura kuzviuraya kwemumwe wevabereki vavo maererano naJillian Peterson naJames Densley mu 'The Violence Project' mushure mekuongorora. 172 mapikicha ekupfura pakati pa1966-2020.
Kubatanidza kupfura nevanorwisa kunzvimbo dzine huvepo hukuru hwevatorwa vanotambira mari shoma ndeimwe yemafungiro akajairika. “Zvakasiyana. Kwake ndiko kupfurwa uye kushungurudzwa kwemapurisa kunonangana nechikamu ichi chehuwandu," Javier Lorenzo akadaro, "Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kuzvisarudzira ndiko kunokonzera maitiro aya." Kutaura zvazviri, muenzaniso weakamborwisa ndewemurungu akatorwa zviri pamutemo aine pfuti. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvaive nemarekodhi emhosva (65%) uye makumi masere muzana vakaratidza zviratidzo zvedambudziko vasati vapfurwa.
social self-censorship
Chiitiko chechokwadi chesocial self-censorship. Chii chiri nyore kugamuchira? Kuti munhu akarwisa icurrent uyo akaerekana aita 'tinya' uropi hwake ndokutanga kupfura nehasha kana kuti anga aine dambudziko repfungwa? “Senzanga uye somunhu mumwe nomumwe, zvinotisimbisa zvikuru kufunga kuti munhu iyeye aipenga—uye kuti rakanga riri chimwe chinhu chisina kurongeka kana kuti mhanza yakaipa-, panzvimbo pokufunga kuti tine chinetso chenzanga umo vechidiki vedu vasingazivi nzira yokuita nayo. gadzirisa manzwiro avo uye utore rudzi urwu rwekuita", akapedzisa Javier Lorenzo. "Senzira yekuzorodza hana kuti urarame, ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo."
Zvisiri zvombo kana hutano hwepfungwa, nyanzvi dzakabvunzwa nenzira iyi dzinoratidza kuti dambudziko riri mumubatanidzwa unoputika wezvakasiyana: nzanga yakasarudzika uye yakazvimiririra umo vechidiki vasati vakura vasingazivi maitiro ekuzvidzora manzwiro avo - "nekuti ivo havana kudzidziswa kuita kudaro », anodaro Lorenzo- uye kuti, mukuwedzera, vane mukana mukuru wezvombo. Pamwe chete nehurukuro inovapoteredza yakavakirwa paukuru hwevachena, kusagutsikana kwomunhu oga uye kubata zvisina kufanira kwokukangaidzika, United States haigoni kunzvenga ichi chinotyisa.
