Kanzuru yeMakurukota yakapa chiedza chegirini mangwanani ano kune yekutanga Maritime Space Management Plan (POEM) iyo ichashanda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakugadzwa kwepurazi remhepo. Danho rekutanga rinouya mushure mekunonoka kwakati wandei: "Yanga iri hurongwa hwakaoma uye hwakaoma," anodaro masosi kubva kuMinistry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge. Nemvumo iyi, dhipatimendi rinotungamirwa naTeresa Ribera rakagovera 5.000 square kilometres emvura yeSpanish kuti ishandise mhepo yekunze.
Pasi pegwaro iri, iyi tekinoroji inovandudzwa inongove iripo 0,46% yeinoda kusvika miriyoni mativi emakiromita emvura yedunhu yakarairwa muzvirongwa izvi. Kunyanya, kune nzvimbo gumi nesere kubva pamhenderekedzo yeSpain "uye chete ndimo munogona kuiswa mapaki aya", vanonongedza kubva kuMITECO.
Shanduko nyowani iyo makambani ari muchikamu chesimba remagetsi anozofanira kuwedzera kuita mapurojekiti. "Nzvimbo dzakaderedzwa zvakanyanya kubva pakatanga kudhindwa zvinyorwa," anowedzera. Zvinoenderana nedatha yakabatwa neSpanish Wind Association (AEE), pakupera kwa2022 pakanga paine gumi neshanu mapurojekiti emhepo ekumahombekombe, asi muchikamu chekutanga. "Tave kunonoka uye hatigone kuzvimisa," akanyevera maneja mukuru mubazi iri.
Zvirongwa izvi zvakaganhura mvura dzeSpain zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedzwa kwemugungwa uye kudzivirira kwenyika. "Kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu, nzvimbo dzekugara uye zvipenyu zvinovimbika", inodaro timu yaTeresa Ribera. Nokudaro, mapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe achabatanidzwa muZAPs, nzvimbo dzine simba guru. “Makambani aona nzvimbo dzavanoda kusimudzira zvirongwa zvavo, takadziganhurira.
Basa ravakagamuchira kubva kunharaunda dzinozvimiririra kune vakasiyana-siyana vanoita zvemagariro evanhu. "Hatifanire kuita mhosho yakafanana neyepasi uye kuisa turbines kwese kwese," anodaro Cristóbal López, mutauriri wenzvimbo yegungwa yeEcologistas en Acción.
Sezvineiwo neaonshore wind turbines, makambani anozofanira kuendesa chirevo chavo chekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Parizvino, POEM yakatenderwa ichange ichishanda kusvika Zvita 31, 2027 uye bazi rinotarisira kuti richashanda kuyedza tekinoroji uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakaiswa muNational Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC).
Kunetsana nekunyunyuta
Kunyangwe ichionekwa seimwe yemalevers ayo hupfumi hweSpain huchasimudzirwa ne decarbonization uye kusvika 3GW yesimba rakachena muna 2030, manzwi akaomarara haana kutora nguva yakareba achiuya, kunyangwe asati adzvanya switch yemagetsi.
"Pane zvikuru zvisingazivikanwe, asi maitiro ari pachena kuti unoda kuvavanza here kana kuti kwete," akaburitsa pachena Torcuato Teixeira, maneja wePeca-Galicia-Arpega-Obarco Shipowners Association.
Kubva kuMiteco vanovimbisa kuti "munhu wese anzwikwa". Chimwe chezvinodiwa neNGO ecologists chine chekuita nenzvimbo iyi iri 30 kana 40 metres kubva kugungwa "kuidzivirira kubva mukufurira hove nekudyisa shiri." Chikumbiro chakatambirwawo nechikamu chekushanya kuitira kuti chisagadzirise mamiriro emahombekombe.
Iwo ma turbines emhepo achave anosvika 1.850 metres kubva kumhenderekedzo yeCanary. MuGalicia, 21 makiromita
Nekudaro, ivo havana kuunganidzwa munzvimbo dzese "nekuda kwekusiyana kwemahombekombe eSpanish." Sherufu yekondinendi yeIberian Peninsula haina kunyanyofara: "MuSpain yakamanikana kwazvo uye iwe unokurumidza kusvika kumateru ekondinendi uko, kamwe kamwe, vanosvika pakadzika 2.500 metres muMediterranean uye kusvika ku4.000 metres muAtlantic." Nechikonzero ichi, chinhambwe chakajairwa hachina kugadzwa uye izvo zvakatangwa, inodaro Ministry, yakaitwa muchibvumirano neAutonomous Communities.
Semuenzaniso, chinhambwe chipfupi kuenda kumahombekombe chiri kuCanary Islands, uko imwe yemaporigoni ingori 1.850 metres kubva. Kupfuura muGalicia, iyo shoma yakagadzikana pa21 makiromita.
Chaizvoizvo, iyo North Atlantic zone ndiyo nzvimbo hombe inowanikwa mukuvandudzwa kwemapaki ekumahombekombe ane angangoita 2.500 square kilometers ye5.000 iripo. Nzvimbo yeLevantine-Balearic ndiyo idiki pane 475 square kilometres, ichiteverwa neCanary Islands ine 561 square kilometres. "Ivo zvakakosha kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvePNIEC," anodaro mabviro ebazi.
Zvakawanda muChina
Parizvino, maererano nemashoko kubva kuInternational Renewable Energy Agency (Irena), simba remagetsi emugungwa i60 GW, nhamba iri kure ne2.000 GW, inofungidzira sangano repasi rose kuti ribatsire kuchengetedza kupisa kwepasi pa 1,5 degrees uye kunyoresa zero emissions.
Iyo offshore mhepo purazi inotsvaga kuyangarara mumvura yeSpanish
Mhando dzematurbine mugungwa
fixed simende tekinoroji
teknolojia yemhepo inoyangarara
semi-submersible platform
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mapuratifomu muEurope
semi-submersible platform
Iyo offshore mhepo purazi inotsvaga kuyangarara mumvura yeSpanish
Mhando dzematurbine mugungwa
fixed simende tekinoroji
teknolojia yemhepo inoyangarara
semi-submersible platform
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mapuratifomu muEurope
semi-submersible platform
Pakazara, parizvino, mapaki makumi matatu nematatu emvura yemugungwa atanga kushanda pasi rese, uko China inounza pamwechete mazhinji awo. Gungwa rinoshambadza United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Belgium neNetherlands rine hudzamu hweavhareji yemamita 33 uye ndiro rinounganidza simba rakawanda pasi pehunyanzvi uhu.
MuSpain, kushaikwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemutemo uye kuomeswa kwenzvimbo iri pasi pegungwa kwakadzikira kukura kwayo. Parizvino, pa28.210 megawatts ye 'offshore' yakaiswa, 99,6% inogadziriswa simende.
