Mumwe munhu akapihwa basa rekunyora zita reakafa kanoni anonzi Pedro muvharobheti yekare yeKathedral yeRoda de Isábena pakati pezana ramakore rechi 233, asingazive kuti iyi ndiyo yaizova yekupedzisira pane yakasarudzika seti yezvinyorwa zvinoshongedza iyi yakasarudzika nzvimbo. muAragonese Pyrenees. "Iyo saiti ine zvinyorwa zvakakura zveepigraphic muEurope yese," anodaro Vincent Debiais, chiremba weMedieval History. Chikwata chenyanzvi dzechiFrench chinotungamirwa nemuongorori uyu kubva kuÉcole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS/CNRS) yakanyora magwaro mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nenhatu netsoka muchikamu chino chemazwi, makumi matatu mamwe marekodhi kupfuura ayo anozivikanwa nemupristi uye munyori wenhoroondo Antonio Durán Gudiol mu. kuverenga kwake 30.
“Ndinofunga kuti vanoverengeka vavo vaiaziva, asi sezvo vaisagona kuaverenga nyore nyore nemhaka yemamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza (ndiwo akanyanya kukuvadzwa), havana kukwanisa kuva nechokwadi chokuti pakanga pane zuva nezita kwete izvo zvakabatanidzwa; ” Debiais akatsanangura muhurukuro yorunhare naAB C. Vamwe vacho vakanga vari pasi pepurasita nemifananidzo yemazuva ano izvo zvakabvumira kudzorerwa kuchangobva kuitika. Iyo cloister yakafungwa naGudiol mumatombo ekare eguta diki iri muRibagorza, muHuesca, haina kufanana nezvauri kuona izvozvi.
Zvinyorwa pamadziro evhavha naVincent Debiais
Zvinyorwa, kazhinji zvipfupi kwazvo, zvinozadza maarch uye misoro yemakamuri ayo mana, pamwe nemadziro ekunze enzvimbo yekudyira uye nemadziro eimba yechitsauko, mukuenderana nekushongedzwa kwechokwadi kwemusangano uyu uye nzvimbo yekufungisisa, pakati pechitendero. hupenyu hwakarembera kubva kuMiddle Ages. "Iyowo inyaya inoshamisa nekuti mumamongi ekare nemacathedrals, mameseji akamira, ari iwo mariro mazhinji, anosiiwa munzvimbo inoera, asi muRoda inongogumira munzvimbo yevhavha," anodaro muChirungu medievalist. . Chinyorwa chimwe chete chakaitika mukati mechechi, iyo inonzi 'mabhishopu' slab inogamuchira chirangaridzo chevafundisi vekutanga veRoda de Isábena.
Parizvino, iri taundi reHuesca rine vagari vangangosvika makumi mana chete rinofungidzirwa kuva dhorobha diki muSpain rine cathedral. Uye kwete chero cathedral, asi yekare muAragon. Yakasarudzwa sechigaro cheepiscopal muna 40, asi yakarasikirwa nemamiriro aya nguva pfupi yapfuura, muna 956, mushure mekukundwa kweBarbastro. MuRoda yakaramba iri cathedral isina bhishopi, asi kwete pasina ndangariro. Debiais akashuma kuti macanoni akasara mairi aida kuratidza nguva iyo iyo institution yakaita basa rakakosha mukurwira masimba muPyrenees uye yakaisa zano rakangwara rekurangarira. Iyo cloister yakava script yegigantic lapidary obituary, izere nezvematongerwo enyika, masangano uye ndangariro. Nokudaro, yakaratidzirwa zvechigarire mumeso avose, yakashatiswa muchiyeuchidzo chakasiana, yeuko yenzanga iyo yakanga yakakosha zvikuru mumavambo ayo yaizogara nokusingaperi.
Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvinochengeta chikamu chekare chepolychromy - Vincent Debiais
Iyi purogiramu yemariro uye yezvakaitika kare inotanga muzana remakore rechigumi nembiri, ine chinyorwa chinowanikwa pedyo nemukova wechechi uye icho chinoreva bhishopi weRoda uyo asingaonekwi paguva mukati metemberi. Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX rose rakapedzwa nemifananidzo inodarika mazana maviri. "Zvinotipa mufananidzo wenharaunda inonyatsoziva basa rinogona kuitwa nekunyora, kukosha kwayo nebasa rayo", inosimbisa muongorori weChirungu.
Kunyange Roda's kunyanya typeface, iyo inotamba nemafomu epurasitiki uye "haisi kutaridzika sechinhu chero chipi zvacho", kwete chete inoratidza "rudo rwechokwadi rwekunyora, kuravira kwechokwadi kwekunyora". Sezvinotsanangurwa naDebiais, kushandiswa kwechinyorwa ichi, chisiri basa remudzidzi mumwe chete sezvo chichienderera kwemazana emakore akati wandei, "inotora chikamu mukuda kwemakanoni kuumba mhuri, kuita nharaunda."
Mafonti eRoda de Isábena ari mumwechete - Vincent Debiais
"Vanhu vakanyora mujinga meRoda vaive netsamba yakaita se'unicum', isina kuenderera nenyika yezvinyorwa, uye zvinonakidza kwazvo kunzwisisa tsika yakanyorwa muMiddle Ages", inodaro nyanzvi mune epigraphy. "MuRoda tinoona zvakanaka kuti maonero edu ekunyora kwepakati (sechinhu chiri mumaoko evanhu vashoma vane kudzidziswa uye simba) haana kururama zvachose. Isu tinofanirwa kurangarira mamwe mafomu akaomarara, akasiyana zvakanyanya, anongoerekana aita, akasununguka kudzidzira kunyora ”, anowedzera.
Izvi zvinyorwa zvaizoshandawo kusimbisa kubatana pakati pevapenyu nevakafa. Macanoni aifamba nepakati pekuvhara uye akaona zvisingadziviriki nhamba dziri pamaarch uye misoro yakaita kuti vanhu vakafa vadzoke kuhupenyu neimwe nzira kuburikidza nemanzwi nepfungwa. Sekusimbisa kwaDebiais, "nhamba dzese dziya dzakanyorwa muvharobe hadzisi ndangariro dzemamwe makanoni akafa, iwowo mucherechedzo wekuvapo kwavo, izvo nekuda kwekuverenga kwavo zvinogona kuwana nguva iripo".
Zvinyorwa mukati mekuvhara kweRoda naVincent Debiais
Sezvo Middle Ages yakafambira mberi, nhamba yezvinyorwa zvishoma nezvishoma, pakupedzisira kumira pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemana. Iyo Roda institution yanga ichirasikirwa nehupenyu senzvimbo yetsika muPyrenees uye yakashandura maitiro ayo pamberi penhoroondo yayo. Haasati achabatwa munguva yemakakatanwa uye kushaya simba, nechinodikanwa chokuratidzira kupasa kwake kunobwinya. Yakanga iri nharaunda isingade uye iyo epigraphic sosi yakanga isisina kukosha kwakafanana. Uyezve, panguva ino pane kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana mumutauro wekare wakanyorwa. Nhamba uye zuva zvinoperekedzwa nehuwandu hwemari yakapiwa kuti inyore, hukama pakati pemunhu iyeye nenharaunda, hama dzemushakabvu ... Zvinyorwa zvinowedzera kusvika kumagumo akareba.
Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvisati zvadhindwa kusvika zvino chinomira pachena nekuti chinoratidza kusvika kwaRoda kweiyo accounting, maitiro ekutonga mukutarisira kwemufi. Kunyange zvazvo isingagoni kuverengwa nokuda kwemamiriro ayo ekuchengetedza, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti yairatidza mupiro uyo mushakabvu akapa kusangano reRoda kuitira kuti vamunyengeterere pamisi yokurangarira rufu rwake. Iko hakuna mashoma mashoma ezvinyorwa zvakadaro muvharobe uye ese akanyorwa kuzana remakore rechiXNUMX. "Rekodhi iyi inonyora chiitiko chinogona kukurudzira shanduko," anodaro Debiais. Pamwe dzaive dzakakurisa zvekuvharisa vharanda ratozara nemadhesiki.
Tsanangudzo yeiyo cloister - Vincent Debiais
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvaunoona Zvino Zvinonakidzawo nekuti zvakatsiga, zvakatsikitsira. Akaratidza kuti pane imwe nguva, shanduko dzakaitwa muvharovha uye zvinyorwa hazvina kuparadzwa, kana zvisina kutamiswa, kunze kweiyi nyaya nenzira isina kururama. “Mutariri uyu ave aine upenyu hwokubatikana nokufamba kwenguva,” anodaro munyori wezvakaitika kare. Vatsvakurudzi vanoziva, semuenzaniso, kuti zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvake zvematombo zvakashandiswa zvakare muvharanda reimba yechitsauko uye vanotenda kuti zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa pamadziro eimba yekutandarira, iyo yakanyanya kukuvadzwa, yakadzingwawo ipapo.
Kudzidza kwezvinyorwa zvekare zveRoda, izvo zvinogona kubvunzurudzwa mahara online mujenari in-Scription of epigraphic studies yeUniversity of Poitiers, yakave nekubatana kweSangano reShamwari dzeCathedral yeRoda nerutsigiro rweGeneral. Directorate of Heritage yeAragon uye bhishopi weBarbastro-Monzón, pamwe neCentre for Higher Studies yeMedieval Civilization muPoitiers uye École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales muParis.
Husiku hutema hwaErik weBelgian
Husiku hwaZvita 6 kusvika 7, 1979, kathedhiro yeRoda de Isábena yakarohwa nemukurumbira Erik weBelgian, uyo akaitorera imwe pfuma yayo yakakosha, senge tapestry 'De la Virgen y San Vicente'. , iyo Sezvineiwo, yakadzorerwa uye yakawanikwa muMuseum yeHuesca, kana kuti Silla de San Ramón, yaakagura kuti afambise kutengeswa kwayo. Zvimwe zvezvidimbu zvake zvinokwana muparadhi isingazivikanwe.
