TORA
Musi waSeptember 12, 1962, Mutungamiriri wenguva iyoyo weUnited States John F. Kennedy akataura shoko muHouston raizopinda munhoroondo: "Takasarudza kuenda kuMwedzi." Nekutaura ikoko akataura chinangwa chakasimba chehutongi hwake kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vagone kutsika setiraiti yedu kekutanga. Musi waKukadzi 16, 2022, Josef Aschbacher, Director General weEuropean Space Agency (ESA) vakaita zvakafanana paEuropean Space Summit, yakaitirwa muToulouse (France). “Nguva yasvika ye‘chishuvo cheEurope’ chenzvimbo. Pano nazvino ”, akadaro kubvira mutungamiri weFrance, Manuel Macron, akataura nezvekukosha kwekutsvagisa nzvimbo kuEurope.
Nekuti hutungamiriri hwazvino hweESA haadi kuti kondinendi yekare isiyiwe kunze kwemujaho wemuchadenga, saka iri kuratidza mikana yese inogoneka yekusimudzira zvinangwa zvitsva.
Muenzaniso wakajeka kuziviswa kutsva kwenzvimbo dzevachadenga -kusanganisira yekutanga para-astronaut munhoroondo-, maitiro aingofanirwa kuitwa kazhinji kubva 1978, yekupedzisira muna 2008. kugadzira yavo yakazvimirira yeastronaut shuttle uye kutora yekutanga yeEuropean kufamba paMwedzi, chokwadi icho Aschbacher akatsunga kuisa zuva: 2035. Uye mugwagwa waisazoguma ipapo, sezvo gare gare rwendo rwevaEurope kuenda kuMars rwaizofanira kuva. chakasimwa. Kutopfuura. Sei usingaiti mwedzi unovimbisa weSaturn?
Parizvino, United States, Russia neChina chete ndivo vanokwanisa kutumira zvikepe zvavo zvine vanhu muchadenga. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, Europe yakabvumirana matikiti paRussia Soyuz; Nekudaro, sezvo NASA yakasaina kondirakiti neSpaceX yeCrew Dragon kuti itore vazivi vemuchadenga kuenda kuInternational Space Station (ISS), ESA yakasarudzawo iyi nzira yekufambisa. Uye kunyangwe mameseji kusvika parizvino ataura kuti isu ticharamba tichitenga tikiti redu rekuenda kunzvimbo kubva kune dzimwe nyika kana makambani, chirevo chitsva - Aschbacher akagadzwa gore rapfuura zvino - inoda hurongwa hwayo hwakazvimirira.
"Nei Europe ichifanira kubviswa muboka renyika dzinotonga vanhu vari voga muchadenga? Tinofanira kuisa njodzi yekuti Europe ichakundwa nenyika dzakawanda mukuvandudza kwenzvimbo dzinotevera dzezvehupfumi uye dzehupfumi, kunze? , ndeyekuti "ESA yakabata tekinoroji".
Nokudaro, mukuru weEuropean space agency akatsanangura kuti ari kuvandudza boka repamusoro-soro rekupa mazano pamusoro pekuongorora nzvimbo yevanhu sechikamu chepurojekiti yake. Boka rinoumbwa zvakanyanya nenyanzvi kubva kunze kwechikamu, "kuona mazano akazvimirira uye asingasaruri kugadzirira sarudzo paESA Ministerial Conference munaNovember gore rino uye yekutevera Space Summit muna 2023." Nekuti vavariro dzavo hadzizobatsiri chinhu kana nyika makumi maviri dzinoumba iyo space agency dzikasapa mvumo yavo.
Iyo 'Manifesto yeEuropean Astronauts'
Mushure memusangano, ESA yakaburitsa chinyorwa 'Manifesto of the European astronauts', umo inonyeverwa kuti zvikanganiso zvekare mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakarongwa hazvifanirwe kudzokororwa, "izvo hazvina kuita kuti tivimbe nevatambi vekunze kwesimba redu. zvinodiwa kana kuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwemichina. Inosimbisawo kuti Europe inoramba iri mutungamiri munzvimbo dzakaita sePasi kuona, kufamba kana sainzi yemuchadenga, asi ine "nzvimbo yakarembera mumatunhu ari kuwedzera ezvekufambisa uye kuongorora nzvimbo."
Zuva rakatevera, Frank De Winne, mutungamiriri weESA's European Astronaut Center, akati zvematongerwo enyika ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kugadziriswa nesangano, achitaura nezverutsigiro kubva kunyika dziri nhengo. "Tinotarisira kuwana mhinduro iyoyo mukupera kwegore." Chiitiko chikuru chichava musangano wemakurukota, musangano uchaitwa kamwe chete pamakore matatu ega ega, uye umo nhengo dzehurumende dzinoita sarudzo dzekuti ndeapi mamishini nezvirongwa zvichaenda mberi uye nebhajeti ripi.
Kana iyo show yawana kuenda-mberi, yave nguva yekufunga nezve izvo. “Tichashandisa vhezheni ipi haisi kusarudzwa. Inofanira kunge iri Ariane 6 kana kuti isu tiite chimwe chinhu chakasiyana sezvakaitwa nevamwe vedu kuNASA neSpaceX kana nemamwe makambani?" De Winne akasimbisa. Nokuti, panguva ino, Europe ine alias yekambani yeFrance Arianespace, iyo inogadzira Ariane maroketi. Akaita basa, semuenzaniso, kugadzira roketi yakasimudza James Webb Space Telescope pagumbo rayo rekutanga rekufamba.
Iyo 'Matoshino Manifesto'
Gore rakapfuura, ESA yakaburitsa meseji, iyo 'Matoshinos Manifesto', umo yaitsanangura hurongwa hwayo hwekumhanyisa nhangemutange yayo yemuchadenga. Chaizvoizvo, tsamba yacho inonongedza matatu 'anomhanyisa': shandisa chiono chenzvimbo yePasi kusimudzira ruzivo nezve mamiriro epasi redu uye ramangwana raro rinobvira; kubatsira hurumende kuita zvakasimba pamatambudziko akatarisana neEurope, kubva pamafashamo nemadutu kusvika kumoto wesango; uye chengetedza ESA vazivi vemuchadenga uye midziyo kuti isakanganiswa kubva mumarara emuchadenga uye mamiriro ekunze.
Inonongedzerawo ku'vanokurudzira' vaviri “kusimbisa hutungamiriri hweEurope musainzi, kusimukira kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye kufemerwa”: muenzaniso webasa rokudzoka kubva kumwedzi une chando; uye, chaizvo, kuongorora kwevanhu kwenzvimbo.
Hakasi kekutanga kuti Europe ifunge nezve ndege dzemuchadenga. Kutanga muma 1980, semuenzaniso, sangano reFrance muchadenga CNES rakatanga zvidzidzo paHermes space plane, yakatangwa pachishandiswa roketi yeAriane 5. uye matambudziko emari pasina kana crafter iri kuvakwa.
Uye, parizvino, kutsvagisa kuri kuitwa pamisheni ine vanhu muEurope. Semuenzaniso, imwe ongororo yakaitwa pa2021 Global Space Exploration Conference muSt. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, bhuku re'Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Ongororo' rakaburitsa chidzidzo ichiongorora kugona kwekurara muchando senzira yenzira dzemuchadenga.
Saizvozvo, ESA yakabatanidzwawo muchirongwa cheArtemis: inotungamirwa neNASA, iyi 'Apollo nyowani' yakafanana nechinhu chinounza varume uye mukadzi wekutanga kumwedzi pamusoro pemakore gumi aya sekutanga kwekushanya kwevanhu kuMars. . “Zvigaro zvitatu zvakatowanikwa kuburikidza nekupinda kwatakaita mukuvakwa kweGateway. Uye kana tikakwanisa kupa mipiro yakawanda kuna Atemisi, izvo zvinovhura musuwo wevazivi venyeredzi vekuEurope kuti vatsike tsoka paMwedzi ", akadaro David Parker, mutungamiriri wekuongorora kwevanhu uye marobhoti kuESA, pamusangano wevatori venhau gore rapfuura.
"Chatinoda chete tsigiro yevanoita sarudzo: ipa ESA simba rekugadzira mugwagwa unoshuvira weramangwana reEurope mukutsvagisa nzvimbo, pamwe chete ngatiite izvo zvaimbova 'zvisingagoneke' - inotaura manifesto yayo. Yave nguva yekusimuka. "
