Firimu rekutanga reSpanish munhoroondo, rakanyorwa 1897, rine siginecha yaJosé Sellier. Kunyangwe akaberekerwa muGivors, France, anopedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake muLa Coruña, kwaaive zvakare, mukuwedzera pakuva piyona wemafirimu uye anonyanya kukosha mutori wemifananidzo muguta, "mushanduri wenzanga" muguta reHerculean. Iri 2022 rinoratidza makore zana ekufa kweiyi Franco-Coruñés "inofambira mberi, pamwe Freemason", uyo akachinja guta reHerculean pakupera kwezana ramakore re100. Asi izvi hazvina kuzivikanwa kutozosvikira makore anoda kusvika zana gare gare, apo vatsvakurudzi Rubén Ventureira naJosé Luis Castro de Paz, vachishandira pamwe nevamwe, vakadai saAlfonso Sellier, muzukuru-muzukuru wemukoma wemugadziri wefirimu, Luis Sellier, vakatsvaga mumufananidzo wemugadziri wefirimu. mutori wemifananidzo kubva kuCalle San Andrew, 9.
Nekuda kwemabviro ake echiRungu, padyo nehama dzeLumière, vagadziri vebhaisikopo, Sellier aive "kana asiri iye wekutanga, mumwe wekutanga" kuwana iyo cinematograph muSpain.
Kusvika parizvino zvaitendwa kuti yaive firimu raEduardo Jimeno, 'Salida de misa de twelve del Pilar de Zaragoza', firimu rekutanga reSpanish, asi pakupedzisira zvakazoitika kuti rakatorwa mwedzi mishoma mushure me'Orzán, oleaje'. , 'Fábrica de gas' uye 'Plaza de Mina', naSellier, iyo yakabva pamberi pezhizha re 1897. Kuwanikwa kwakabudiswa naRubén Ventureira muEl Ideal Gallego muna December 1995. Chidimbu chakanga chisina "kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda", anoti, kusvikira rimwe zuva foni inorira kuCoruña: yakanga iri Mutungamiri weXunta, achikumbira mamwe mashoko pamusoro paJosé Sellier. “Ndinoti Mutungamiriri Fraga akanga aiverenga ndokuona ichinakidza zvikuru,” anoseka kudaro Ventureira. Manuel Fraga akanga arayira kuti pepanhau ribudiswe munyaya iyi, uye zuva rakatevera nhau "dzakabuda munhau dzose" uye zviitiko zvakatanga kuitwa zvakapoteredza mufananidzo weSellier. Achiri mupenyu uye achishanda, aive hunhu muguta, asi mushure mekufa kwake nhaka yake yakarasika kudzamara vaongorori ava vamudzosera munzvimbo yake: asingapokane piyona weSpanish cinematography.
Muchokwadi, ikozvino inopa nhamba kune sikweya muguta reHerculean uye kune chikamu cheMestre Mateo mibairo, yakahaya José Luis Castro de Paz, munyori wenhoroondo uye purofesa weAudiovisual Communication paYunivhesiti yeSantiago. "Mutengesi ane kukosha kunoshamisa kuguta reLa Coruña" uyezve "Galicia". Muzvinafundo anoramba kudzikamisa nhaka yake yekuve 'director' we'yekutanga Spanish firimu munhoroondo', asi kugadzirwa kwake semutori wemifananidzo kwaive kwakakosha kana kupfuura kwemugadziri wemufirimu: kuburikidza nelenzi yake akabata wekutanga 'muchato wengochani. ' yaElisa naMarcela - mufananidzo wakafamba hafu yenyika; muna 1901 kuroorana kwengochani kwakanga kusingafungidziki-kana Santiago Casares Quiroga. Munun'una wake Luis ndiye anotungamira mufananidzo wakakurumbira waRosalía de Castro, uye akashandirawo studio yake Emilia Pardo Bazán. Basa remhuri iyi rakakosha semapiyona uye vanyori vezvinyorwa zvemakore iwayo, asiwo se "vashanduri venzanga," anodaro Castro de Paz.
José Sellier, muna Kubvumbi 1897 kwaakanyora aya mafirimu matatu, pamwe asingazivi kukosha kwaaizoita zviito zvake: akanga ari wekutanga, asi panguva iyoyo kwaiva nevakawanda avo, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma panguva imwe chete, vakanga vaita Chiedza. Pakati pevatengi vakazvimiririra, vakadai saEduardo Jimeno, nevashandisi vehama dzechiRungu pachavo, dzaishanya kuEurope nevanodhirowa mabhaisikopo vachitora mifananidzo uye vachiratidzira kugadzirwa mumaguta makuru munguva pfupi. Kutaura zvazviri, vamwe varatidziri vechiPutukezi, vamiririri vaifamba-famba veCasa Lumière, vakashanyira Galicia, vachipinda kubva kunyika yavo, kusvikira vasvika kuLa Coruña: pavakasvika muguta, vakawana kuti Sellier akanga aenda mberi uye atova necinematograph, uye akanga aisa. zuva rekuburitsa mafirimu ake: Chivabvu 23, 1897, zvino makore 125 apfuura.
Pakupedzisira, vose Sellier nePutukezi vakaratidzira pazuva rimwechete uye mumugwagwa mumwe chete. The Franco-Coruñes, panguva iyoyo, yakarongeka munzvimbo yeCalle Real nº 8, uye vafambisi veChiedza vakagadzirisa munguva pfupi, pa nº 23. "Inyaya inofadza chaizvo", anodaro Ventureira. "Nenzira", mune imwe nzvimbo muSellier - gare gare yaizoenda kuSan Andrés-, sekunge chaive chiporofita, ipapo "iyo nhoroondo yeParis Cinema" ichavakwa muLa Coruña: kunyangwe yaive Pull & Bear kusvika gore rapfuura. , zvakadaro unogona kuverenga chikwangwani chekare pane iyo facade. "Sellier aive nebasa rakanaka raakashanyira mamwe maguta eGalician nemutambi wake webhaisikopo," akadaro Ventureira, asi yakasvika nguva yaakasiya basa semugadziri wemafirimu. Hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti nei, asi zvinhu zvose zvinoratidzira kune chisarudzo chekutengeserana, anodaro Castro de Paz: chigadzirwa chacho chakapararira muSpain yose, yakanga yatosvika kumativi ose epeninsula, uye hutsva hwakapera, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwakaderedzwa. kubva mumari. Pamusoro pezvose, "aive mutori wemifananidzo", uye anopfuura zana ramakore rapfuura kubata kwemafirimu kwanga kusati kuri kwehunyanzvi, asi chinhu chinoshamisa uye chinoshamisa.
Posterity
Mu studio yake yemifananidzo, ipapo, akadzokera kukuita zvaaiziva zvakanyanya: mifananidzo. "Munhu wese kubva kuCoruña akanga apfuura nepavaida," vanodaro vaongorori. Vanhu vakadai saFederico Fernández, muvambi weDeportivo de La Coruña, vairatidzika kunge vakapfeka somuzvarirwo; meya weLa Coruña, Manuel Casás; Casares Quiroga kana Sir John Moore kubva muguva rake muBindu reSan Carlos. Muchokwadi, ruzhinji rweaya akakosha mapikicha -kusanganisira ayo aMarcela naElisa- akaitwa mushure menguva yake semugadziri wemafirimu.
Asati aisa parutivi vhidhiyo kamera, akadhirodha mamwe mashoma emafirimu, mamwe anoshamisa uye anokatyamadza se 'Kudzoka kubva kuCuba/Kubviswa kwevakakuvara kubva kuCuba pachiteshi chedu', apo ngarava 'Isla de Panay' yakasvika kuLa Coruña munaGunyana. 6, 1898. Vepepanhau rakashuma zuva rakatevera: vakakuvadzwa avo vakanga vaonda, vasina simba zvakanyanya, vachiratidzira pazviso zvavo kushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nezvirwere zvinovatonga uye kuora kunokonzerwa nekuoma kwakatambura, zvakaratidzika zvakanyanya. .” Zvakare, zuva rimwe chetero mushumo wemifananidzo wakaitwa wakachengetedzwa.
Iye zvino isu hatina humwe humbowo hwebasa raSellier kupfuura mafoto ake. Kutsakatika kwemafirimu ake kwakaratidza kuti angave asina kuziva zvishoma nezvechiitiko chake chakakosha. "Angadai akazvitengesa kune mumwe mutengesi wemumugwagwa," Castro de Paz anonongedza, kana kuti "mwanakomana wake anogona kunge akazvirasa" kunyangwe aishanda mulabhu yemifananidzo. Munyaya yaJimeno, vazukuru vake, vachiziva kubudirira kwababa vake, vakachengeta mafirimu ake, ndicho chikonzero iwe unogona kuona izvo, kusvikira chikamu chechina chezana remakore apfuura, chaifungidzirwa kuva firimu rekutanga reSpain.
unique style
Purofesa anotaura kuti "mumakore iwayo, matepi imwe chete mumazana ose ndiyo inoponeswa", saka hazvishamisi kuti basa raSellier rakarasika zvisingadzoreki. Uyezve, "ye cinema yakanyarara muSpain", kusvika muzana remakore rechi20, "XNUMX% chete" yekugadzirwa ndiyo yakachengetedzwa. Zvinonzwisa urombo zvikuru nokuti, mukuwedzera kukuva mafirimu ekutanga echiSpanish, akanga akasiyana neakaitwa panguva iyoyo, purofesa anotaura kudaro.
Basa raSellier rakanga risiri rechitendero, sezvakaita ruzhinji - ona Jimeno -, uye akatoshinga ne "protofiction" ne 'Siesta akavhiringidzwa': Castro de Paz anofunga kuti ingave imwe mhando yenyaya mune inosekesa toni umo vamwe vana vanomuka. ane murume anononoka kurara. Chinhu chenguva dzose chakanga chisiri icho, asi kunyora izvo zvavaiva nazvo zvakavapoteredza, semu 'Fábrica de gas', iyo vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti ndiyo yekutanga nokuti fekitari "ndiyo yaaiva nayo pamberi pemeso ake kubva achiri mwana. ".
Zvisinei, tinoziva kuti marekodhi iwayo akanga akaita sei. Kana, zvirinani, tinogona kuzvifungidzira nemukana wakanaka wekubudirira. Mapikicha aSellier akatorwa panguva imwe chete iyo mamwe emabasa ake akarekodhwa, senge 'Entierro del General Sánchez Bregua' kana gungwa richitsemuka paOrzán beach, anochengetedzwa. Chinhu chakachengeteka ndechekuti "painoisa kamera kamera, inoisawo mutambi webhaisikopo", saka mapikicha angave, mafoto anozochengetwa achifamba. Kusanganisira akashandisa zviitiko mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope umo mafoto akachengetwa akatorwa kubva mufirimu, saka ingave fungidziro. Hazvigoneki, asi zvinogoneka.
