Gwaro reruzhinji redhijitari rave dingindira remusangano wakaitwa muna Kukadzi 13 na14 mukati mehurongwa hweICADE-Fundación Notariado Sachigaro weKuchengetedzwa Kwemutemo muDigital Society. Musangano uyu, wakarongwa muzvikamu zviviri, wakatsaurirwa kuThe electronic gwaro sechiridzwa chitsva uye The substantial digitization of the notarial document, yakatangwa naAbel Veiga, Dean weFaculty of Law yeComillas Pontifical University (Comillas ICADE), uye Segismundo Álvarez, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weSachigaro.
Veiga akati kufarira kunoshamisa kwakamutswa nezuva, nevanopfuura zana vakanyoreswa online. Nekuda kwake, Álvarez akasimbisa kukosha kweiyo documentary chikamu muMutemo: "Chero mutongi anoshanda anoziva kukosha kwemagwaro kana zvasvika pakusimbisa kodzero." Kune vanyori, misangano iyi inosangana zvakakwana nechinangwa cheSachigaro: "Kusimbisa mutemo pane ruzivo rwakasimba rwechikamu chetekinoroji."
Kuvharwa kwekongiresi kwakaitwa nemhosva yakapihwa naSofía Puente, General Director weLegal Security uye Public Faith, uyo akati: "MuKutonga kweRuramisiro tave tichipinda munzira yedhijitari kwemakore. Iyo inzira isingamisikike uye isingadzokerike uye Spanish Notariat yaisakwanisa kugara kunze kweiyi nzira ”.
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Ruzivo nemagetsi. Digitization sedanho rezvinhu kune zvisingabatike, pasi pemusoro wemusangano wekutanga, wakaunzwa nemunyori uye director weSachigaro, Manuel González-Meneses. Mukutaura kwake, akasimbisa kuti: "Mutemo unofungidzirwa, ruzivo, data ... Kana nzira yacho ichitipa nhasi nzira dzakanakisisa dzekukurukurirana, kurekodha uye kuchengetedza ruzivo, izvo zvakapararira zvachose munharaunda yedu, uye kana chiitiko chacho chiripo. yeRuzivo nhasi yakafara zvisingaverengeki kupfuura zvayaive kare, semagweta hatigone kugara nemusana kuchokwadi ichocho, hatigone kubatanidza magumo edu nehunyanzvi hwemapepa”.
Tevere, tafura yekutanga yekutenderera, Kubva kune yechinyakare kusvika kugwaro remagetsi, yakagadziridzwa nemunyori Juan Álvarez-Sala uye yaive nevatauri José Ángel Martínez Sanchiz, purezidhendi weGeneral Council of Notaries uye Notaries Foundation, naJosé Antonio Vega, Purofesa weCommerce Law paYunivhesiti yeExtremadura.
Martínez Sanchiz akaita rekodhi yenhoroondo yegwaro remutemo, achidzokera kumatafura emabhawa, mabhodhi, mapepa enhokwe uye matehwe. "Nzira yechokwadi yechokwadi - akadaro- yaive yakareba uye yakaoma. Zvisimbiso zvichange zvakabatanidzwa mumahwendefa eRoma uye mumapepa enhokwe ezvibvumirano zvekutengesa. Iwo zvitambi pachinhu chemumwe munhu anoyeuchidza nezvemagetsi siginicha yazvino. Kuvimbika kwakabatana nekuvimbika kwemunyori: veritas uye legalitas, uye nekutariswa kwemunyori semumiriri weruzhinji ”.
José Antonio Vega ndiye aiona nezve 'electronification' yegwaro remutemo, iro-mumaonero ake- risingapi chikamu chemutemo mutsva, asi shanduko maererano nekodhi, rutsigiro uye maitiro. Purofesa akataura kuti "michina mitsva yakagadzira chiridzwa chitsva, gwaro remagetsi, rinopindura kushanduka kwemutauro wekutaurirana pakati pevarume uye kuti zviratidzo zvemashoko zvinogona kunyorwa hukuru hwemuviri."
Muhurukuro yakatevera, Martínez Sanchiz, akatarisana nekubata pamuviri kwegwaro remutemo se "kungobereka" kwechiito chehumbowo, akatsigira kukosha kwegwaro sechimiro chekutaura kwechido chinogoneka, uye nekudaro sechinhu inopa kuvapo bhizinesi munyika yepamutemo isingaganhurirwe kumunda wematare.
Tekinoroji yemagwaro tekinoroji ndiyo yaive nyaya yedare rechipiri, rairatidza José María Anguiano, gweta uye akapedza kudzidza muComputer Science, naRafael Palacios naJavier Jarauta, vese mainjiniya emaindasitiri uye mapurofesa muICAI Dhipatimendi reTelematics uye Computing.
Anguiano akatsanangura iyo pfungwa uye akasiyana ekushandisa makesi (kana zvigunwe zvefaira), se cryptographic maturusi ekuona kuvimbika kwemafaira emagetsi. Palacios anotsanangura basa reasymmetric cryptography algorithms uye kushandiswa kwavo sezviridzwa zvekuwana kuvanzika uye vimbiso yekwakabva kana siginicha, zano pamusoro pechiitiko chinogoneka chekuvandudzwa kwequantum computing pakuchengetedzwa kwegorgorithm. Muchidimbu, Jarauta akagadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedza kwenguva yemafaira emakombiyuta uye mifananidzo kune avo vanoenda maererano nemasaini emagetsi anogara kwenguva refu kuitira kuchengetedza mukana wekutendeseka pane nguva yezvinyorwa zvemagetsi.
Tafura yechitatu inotarisana negwaro remagetsi remhando yeruzhinji, mune yayo katatu typology yezvinyorwa zvekutonga, zvekutonga uye notarial. Nenyanzvi Francisco Javier García Más semutungamiri, vatauri vaive Antonio David Bering, PhD mutevedzeri wepurofesa weAdministrative Law paPablo de Olavide University yeSeville; Juan Ignacio Cerdá, gweta uye akabatana purofesa weAdministrative Law paYunivhesiti yeMurcia, uye mucherechedzi Itziar Ramos.
Bering akatsanangura kufambira mberi mune ese emagetsi mafaera ekutonga uye kushandurirwa kwavo mumagwaro ekutonga murutsigiro rwemagetsi chete, achikwevera pfungwa kune pfungwa yekutarisira magwaro uye musiyano uripo pakati pekudhijita kwemagwaro epepa akange aripo uye kuti igwaro remagetsi rechokwadi. Kuna Cerdá, "muSpain isu hatisati tataura nezvemagetsi ekururamisira. Kune matambudziko ezvimiro uye emunhu: kutadza kwematare edzimhosva, evatongi nevachuchisi. Iro dzimbahwe idzva rekutonga harisati raitwa uye kune matambudziko ekusaziva tekinoroji, kushaikwa kwekudyidzana pakati pemaitiro ekutonga masisitimu. Nekune rimwe divi, Ramos akabata neiyo mamiriro eiyo digitization yenyaya dzenotarial, inova iyo kugadzwa nevein yemakore neLaw 24/2001, iyo yakafambira mberi, iyo yekutanga notarial gwaro kana matrix mune zvemagetsi fomati, kubvuma kutumira. yemakopi akatenderwa uye akareruka emagetsi, asi achiganhurira chiyero chekutenderera kweakare.
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Inotevera tafura yakatenderedzwa, yakatsaurirwa kuruzivo rweEurope, rwepasi rose nekutora chikamu kwaDavid Siegel, chikamu cheBoard of Directors yeFederal Association yeNotaries yeGermany; Jeroen Van Der Weele, nyanzvi yehurumende yeNetherlands; uye Jorge Batista da Silva, Mutungamiriri wePortuguese Notary Association.
David Siegel akapa sisitimu yakatotambirwa muGermany iyo, ichipfuudza Directive 2019/1151, yakabvumidza bumbiro reterematic remakambani ane zvikwereti zvishoma uye mharidzo yavo muMercantile Registry. Akatsanangudza nzira dzehunyanzvi dzinobvumira kuita kwenotarial kure nevimbiso yakafanana neyemunhu uye hutongi hutsva uye hurongwa hwekusikwa uye kuchengetedza kwemagetsi master deed.
Van Der Weele akataura kuti, mukuvandudzika kwemitemo munyika yake, "zvinongogoneka chete kumisa makambani ane zvikwereti zvishoma pamberi peruzhinji" sezvo vasati vajairana neDirective, asi akatsanangura kuti kune projekiti yemutemo yakafanana neyeGerman standard. Da Silva, sedivi rake, akataura kuti Chirevo chePutukezi Mutemo 126/2021 wakamisa hutongi hwenguva pfupi hwemvumo, kuburikidza nevhidhiyo, yakatemerwa zviitwa zveveruzhinji uye zvakare akajekesa nzira yekudhawunirodha telematic yemakopi ane mvumo yemagetsi.
Zvadaro, mucherechedzi Carlos Higuera akapa musangano Chiitiko chebhiri rekushandurwa kweiyo digitization directive yemakambani makuru mune notarial gwaro. Mariri, akaita kuongorora kwakajeka kwebhiri 121/000126 riri kugadziriswa muCongress of Deputies, sezvo rinokanganisa magwaro ezvinyorwa, ane hutsva hwakakosha sekuiswa kweprotocol yemagetsi iyo yakaratidza purogiramu yose yepepa uye iyo. pasi pekutonga kweanofananidzira titular notary ichaiswa uye kuchengetedzwa muhurongwa hweGeneral Council of Notaries; pamwe nekukwanisa kwekure kure notarial kupa kune mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa, pakati pawo ane hukama nekubatanidzwa kwemakambani uye mamwe mabasa ehupenyu hwekambani.
Remangwana regwaro renotarial raive tafura yekupedzisira yeCongress. Nekupindira kwevanyori José Carmelo Llopis, Fernando Gomá naJavier González Granado, José Cabrera, gweta uye mutsvakurudzi paYunivhesiti yeComillas, akaita semutungamiri.
Llopis akanangidzira mharidzo yake pakupa kuri kure, senzira yekupa gwaro remagetsi. Zvikurukuru, mukurukuri akakamura kutaura kwake muzvikamu zvitatu. Kutanga, kudiwa kwegwara rakachengeteka rekupa magwaro anodiwa pakupa kune notary. Chechipiri, kugoneswa kwegwaro remagetsi remunyori. Uye chechitatu, zvakanakira gwaro remagetsi, kunyanya, kudyidzana kwayo.
Gomá akapa bepa rekukopa kwemagetsi mugore. Mushure mekuongorora hurongwa hwazvino hwekupa makopi emagetsi akatenderwa chete kuti atumire kune vamwe vanyori, maregistries kana manejimendi kana vatongi vematare uye nechinangwa chaicho, iyo itsva system yekuburitsa kunze gwaro renotarial iro richaunza bhiri rambotaurwa rakabatwa. iyo inobvumira kuwana kopi mufomati yemagetsi kune chero munhu anoratidza kufarira zviri pamutemo.
Muchidimbu, González Granado akatarisa nyaya yematrix uye electronic protocol, achisimbisa zvakanakira matrix yemagetsi iyo ichaonekwa sekubatanidza zvinyorwa zvine simba kuburikidza ne hyperlinks.
