Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index 2022 inoratidza (zvakare) Spain ichimira mukuedza kwayo kudzivirira nekurwisa huori. Kwegore rechipiri rakatevedzana, nyika yedu inodonha poindi imwe chete maererano negore rapfuura, uye inowana zvibodzwa zve60/100 muchinyorwa chino. Nechiyero ichi, parizvino inogara pachinzvimbo 35/180 pasirese chinzvimbo, uko inotora kuderera kwezvibodzwa maererano neIPC 20211.
Kunyange zvazvo donho reimwe pfungwa risingaiti, mumusimboti, rinomiririra shanduko inokosha maererano neTransparency International2 methodology, zvinofanira kuonekwa (tichifunga nezvemaitiro ezvakaitika kare) kuti mumakore gumi apfuura Spain yakabva pazvibodzwa makumi matanhatu neshanu (CPI). 65) kusvika 2012. (IPC 60), uye kuti kubvira 2022 Spain yakadonha nzvimbo shanu munyika chinzvimbo, kubva pachinzvimbo 2019/30 muna 180 kusvika 2019/35 muna 180.
Saizvozvo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kana iri Spain, iyo CPI 2022 yakavakirwa pamasere ekunze masosi3, pakati pawo anomira kunze kwe2021 Executive Opinion Survey yeWorld Economic Forum, maererano neiyo Spain yakadzikira zvakanyanya mubairo. zviyero zve (i) mubhadharo usiri wenguva mumasevhisi eruzhinji (pasi 0,45 mapoinzi zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura), (ii) mubhadharo usiri wenguva mune zvekutengesa kunze uye kunze kwenyika (pasi 0,38 mapoinzi) uye (iii) mutongo wekutonga munyaya dzehuori (pasi 0,39. XNUMX mapoinzi )
Kubva pane izvi, zvakakosha kubvunza kuti kudzikama uku kunokonzerwa nei, iyo inorebeswa nekufamba kwenguva uye shanduko dzichiri kumirira, izvo zvinodzivirira Spain kufambira mberi maererano nekujeka, kurwisa huwori uye kutonga kwakanaka, kwakakodzera.
Mupfungwa iyi, zvinofanirwa kujekeswa kuti kuvandudzwa kweMutemo 19/2013, waZvita 9, pamusoro pekujeka, kuwana ruzivo rweveruzhinji uye kutonga kwakanaka kuchiri kukosha. Boka renyanzvi rakaumbwa mukati mehurongwa hweOpen Government Forum idzo dzanga dzichishanda pakuvandudza iyi 4 zvakanaka, zvinodemba kuti ichangobva kuvhura hurongwa hwekunzwa pfungwa dzevanhu risati rajekeswa bhiri rakagadzirisa Law 19/20135 , kuvandudzwa kwemutemo uyu kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakamirira muSpain.
Saizvozvo, mutemo wakafanira wemapoka ezvido (lobbies) padanho renyika, uye kugadzirwa kweimwe uye inosungirwa registry yelobbies, zvakare kuchiri kumirira. Saka, muna Mbudzi 2022, Ministry of Finance and Public Function yakaburitsa Draft Law on Transparency and Integrity in the Activities of Interest Groups, mvumo yaro yeparamende ichiri kumirira6. Iva nechokwadi chekujeka, kutendeseka, uye mikana yakaenzana yemapoka ane chekuita kuti awane mhedzisiro inodiwa kuderedza njodzi dzehutsotsi, huwori, uye kunetsana kwevanobatanidzi, kuvandudza kunaka kwemaitiro ekuita sarudzo, uye kukurudzira mwero wepamusoro wekutendeseka uye kubuda pachena muPublic Administrations. .
Zvimwe zvezvikuru zvakamirira zvidzidzo muSpain kugadziridzwa kweMutemo pamusoro pekusapindirana kwevashandi pabasa rePublic Administrations uye kudzivirira kukakavara kwevanofarira, pamwe nekubvumidzwa kweMutemo wekuchengetedzwa kwevanoridza mhere), iyo Direction (EU) 2019/1937 yeParamende yeEuropean uye yeKanzuru yaGumiguru 23, 2019, ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vanoshuma kutyorwa kweMubatanidzwa Law, inotapurwa. Kunyangwe Spain iine Bhiri mune izvi7, haisati yave nemutemo wakakwana panyaya iyi.
Zvisinei nekuburitswa kwegwaro reRoyal Decree yekugadzira registry yemuridzi unobatsira8 uye kuedza kweSpain kufambira mberi mune iyi nyaya, kusimudzira pachena kwehumuridzi hunobatsira kunoramba kuri rimwe rematambudziko makuru, izvo zvave zvakanyanya kuoma. mushure memutongo weCourt of Justice weEuropean Union (CJEU) wakabvisa mutemo we5th EU Directive uchipokana nekucheneswa kwemari uyo wakavimbisa kuwana veruzhinji ruzivo pamusoro pemuridzi unobatsira wemakambani9.
Sezvo Spain yakaedza kufambira mberi mugore rapfuura mune yakasimba yemutemo chirongwa chekudzivirira uye kurwisa huwori, kuedza kwakaitwa hakusati kwakwana kuita izvi. Spain haina hurongwa hwakakwana uye hwakachinjika hwekurwisa huwori kana zano, iro rine maitiro akazara uye rinosanganisira masangano ese anopesana nehuwori. Kupa vimbiso yemitemo yakakwana uye yakagadziridzwa pasina mubvunzo idanho rekutanga kusimudzira mwero wepamusoro wekujeka uye kutendeseka munharaunda yeruzhinji uye, pakupedzisira, kusimudzira mitemo yeruzhinji iri nani inoguma nekugona kudzivirira huwori nekuvandudza kunaka kwedemocracy itsva.
1. Ona Chirevo chizere pa: https://transparencia.org.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CPI2022_Report_EN-web.pdf
2. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve CPI methodology nekwakabva, ona: https://transparencia.org.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CPI2022_ShortMethodology-1.pdf, https://transparencia.org. wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CPI2022_SourceDescription-1.pdf uye https://transparencia.org.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CPI2022_TechnicalMethodology.pdf
3. Zvisere zvekunze zvakashandiswa muCPI 2022 munyaya yeSpain ndezvinotevera:
- Bertelsmann Stiftung Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
-Nyika Risk Service 2022 kubva kuThe Economist Intelligence Unit
- Global Insight Nyika Risk Indicators 2021
- 2022 Executive Opinion Survey yeIMD World Competitiveness Center Competitiveness Yearbook
– International Country Risk Guide 2022 nePRS Group International
- Mhando dzeDemocracy (V-Dem v. 12) 2022
- World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey 2021
- Nyanzvi ongororo yeWorld Justice Project's 2021 Rule yeMutemo Index
4. https://transparencia.gob.es/transparencia/transparencia_Home/index/Gobierno-abierto/Grupo-Trabajo-de-Reforma-Ley-de-Transparencia.html
5. https://www.hacienda.gob.es/es-ES/Normativa%20y%20doctrina/NormasEnTramitacion/Paginas/ConsultaAbiertas.aspx
6. Kuti uwane gwaro remipiro kubva kuTransparency International Spain (TI-E) paDraft Law pamusoro peKujeka uye Kutendeseka muMabasa eMapoka Anofarira, ona: https://transparencia.org.es/wp-content/uploads/ 2022/12/2022_12_5_Aportaciones-APL-transparencia-de-las-actividades-de-los-grupos-intere%CC%81s-TI-Espan%CC%83a_VF.pdf
7. Ona: https://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L14/CONG/BOCG/A/BOCG-14-A-123-5.PDF uye https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/es/ Thematic Area/Legislative Activity/Zvinyorwa/APL%20INFORMANTES.pdf
8. https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/es/AreaTematica/ActividadLegislativa/Documentos/Real%20Decreto%20creacion%20RETIR.pdf
9. Ona rumwe ruzivo https://www.transparency.org/en/press/eu-court-of-justice-delivers-blow-to-beneficial-ownership-transparency uye https://www.transparency.org / sn/blog/cjeu-ruling-eu-public-ownership-profit-records-what-next-for-corporate-transparency
