Rubén M. Mateo.- Mutemo wakasiyana unofunga nezvekurega basa sekodzero uye kwete sechisungo. Kurudzira basa rekuzvipira kupfuura zera rekurega basa. Rongedza kuwandisa kuripo mukurega basa kwekutanga. Shandura mafungiro uye kukoshesa nyanzvi dzepamusoro mumakambani ane chibvumirano chikuru chekubhadhara. Idzi dzaive dzimwe dzepfungwa dzakamuka neChina ichi, Ndira 19, pamusangano we'Senior Talent muSpain neEurope' (ayo akarekodha akazara anogona kuwanikwa pane iyi link), wakaitirwa pamuzinda weAssociation of Registrars of Spain uye wakasimudzirwa. by Jubilare , nhandare yekurwisa kusarura uye fungidziro ichangobva kusarura vanhu nekuda kwezera ravo.
Panguva yechiitiko ichi, chakaunzwa naDulce Calvo, mutungamiriri weCSR weSangano reRegistrars, uye akatungamirwa naRafael Puyol, rector weInternational University yeLa Rioja (UNIR), mutauri Puyol pachake, uye vatauri Alfonso Jiménez (mubatsiri we Exec Avenue) uye Iñaki Ortega, PhD muEconomics uye Purofesa kuUNIR. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe uchashanda pamisoro yakaita senge mamiriro ehuwandu, musika wevashandi wepamusoro uye bhizinesi kana kurudziro uye maitiro emakambani muSpain neEurope.
“Hazvina musoro kuti vanhukadzi vararame makore 86 nevarume makumi masere nerimwe, kune vanhu vanoenda pamudyandigere vaine makore 81 ekuberekwa, sezvinoitwa mune mamwe mapazi ezvehupfumi,” vakadaro VaRafael Puyol. Kurwisa chokwadi ichi, mutungamiri weUNIR akadana shanduko yemitemo uye zvakare mumafungiro. “Zvakakosha kuti tisvike pakuwirirana munyika muno pakati pevatambi vakuru vanopindira munyaya dzemabasa. Hutungamiri hunofanirwa kubatsira zvakanyanya mukuvapo kwemidziyo mumusika wevashandi. Mibatanidzwa inofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kutaura kwokuti vanhu vakuru vanotorera vechidiki mabasa hakutsigirwi nenharo dzakasimba. Makambani akapa nzira mumunda wekuita zvakanaka uye kudzidziswa kuitira kuti vashandi vavo varambe vachishanda ", akasimbisa Puyol.
Zvakadai, vakakurudzira kuumbwa kwezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvevachembera nevechidiki vanopa zvavanogona. "Unofanirwa kugonesa vashandi kuti nehupenyu hwehupenyu huchapfuura makore makumi mapfumbamwe, hazviite chero pfungwa yekuvabvisa makore makumi matatu pamberi," akadzivirira.
Mukurukuri akagadzira kudya kuhuwandu hwevanhu umo basa revakuru (kubva ku55 kusvika kumakore 69) muSpain neEurope rakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinoratidzirwa nekudonha kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa uye huvepo hukuru hwevatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, kunze kwekugadzirisa kukwegura kwakanyanya. Mhedzisiro yacho inoshandura kuita piramidhi yebasa ine huvepo hwakaderera hwevechidiki vari pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu ne16, kutora chikamu kukuru kwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika, kuvepo kukuru kwevakadzi vachienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope uye nhamba huru yevakuru kuti vapedze mapeji akasiiwa. vadiki.
Puyol akataura zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoita kuti zviomere vakwegura kuchengetedza basa ravo. Mune dzimwe nyika, somuenzaniso, tsika yekukurumidza kurega basa ichiripo. Spain ndeimwe yavo. “Pane imwe pfungwa yezera inoshoresa kuvapo kwevakwegura mukutsvaga mabasa. Dzimwe nharo ndedzekuti vanotora mabasa kubva kune vechidiki, vane mihoro yakawanda, kusava nekudzidziswa kwakakwana uye unyanzvi hwemagetsi emagetsi ", akatsanangura mutungamiri weUNIR, kurondedzera kuenzanisa pakati pedzimwe nyika dzeEurope mumunda webasa guru.
Semuenzaniso, nyika dzine mhando yepamusoro yebasa repamusoro iNordics. Nyika dzepakati peEurope dzakadai seGermany neFrance hadzina migumisiro yakaipa uye yakaipa muEastern Europe. Uye haina kunaka munyika dzekumaodzanyemba, uko Spain inopa data rinonyanya kunetsa. “Tine huwandu hwekukura kwakadzikira kwevane mabasa vari pakati pemakore 55 ne69 okuberekwa. Tine huwandu hwakaipisisa hwebasa muzera rino ”, kana tichienzanisa data yeSpanish nedzimwe nyika dzekumaodzanyemba seItaly nePortugal.
“Isu hatitombo shandisa nguva yenguva sechirongwa chebasa. MuNetherlands iri 30%. MuSpain tine mavharanda asina musoro. Munhu anoshanda full time nezuro oenda pamudyandigere uye haashande zvachose. Zvisipo inzvimbo dzinofambisa shanduko iyi kubva pabasa kuenda pachinzvimbo chakakodzera. Pamwe chete neItari, tine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekushaikwa kwemabasa ”, akadaro. Uye chimwe chinhu chinotonyanya kunetsa: Spain iri pamusoro penyika dzine hurovha hwenguva refu. Kana tichienzanisa nenyika dzekuchamhembe, Sweden ine huwandu hwese hwekuita kwemameya vane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu ne55%. Nhamba yebasa i65%. MuSpain huwandu hwekuita ndeye 62% uye huwandu hwebasa 47%. “KuSpain kune mukana wekuvandudzwa mundima yevakuru. Isu tiri nyika, seFrance, ine tsika yekufara kwekutanga ”, akapedzisa.
Kuzvishandira, "nzira yekubuda muzera"
Nekudivi rake, Alfonso Jiménez, anoshanda naye kuExec Avenue, anotarisa kune vanozvishanda uye bhizinesi revashandi vakuru. Mukutaura kwake, akavimbisa kuti kune makambani mazhinji ane hurongwa hwekutsiva vanhu vakura, "vanofungidzirwa kuti vanodhura, vakaderedzwa uye vane hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwavo", vachibatanidza vechidiki vanonzi "vakachipa, vakazvipira uye vakagadzirira zvakanyanya". nokudaro vachishora kukoshesa zera kuripo mumakambani akawanda.
Chimwe chezviratidzo zvezera iro uye "zvichida hutsinye," akadaro, ndechekuti mukana wekutsvagira mumwe munhu basa kune uyu munhu ane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu ari kutanga basa rekutanga uri kudzikira. Pakati pemakore e50 ne50 pane imwe mukana. Nekudaro, mushure memakore makumi mashanu nemashanu, mukana uyu unosvika zero.
Nzira yekubuda kune mushandi kana maneja ane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu ndeye kuzvishandira wega, Jiménez akatsanangura. MuSpain mune vanopfuura 55 vanozvishanda vanobatsira muRETA vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu nemashanu. Izvi zvinomiririra 900.000% yehuwandu hwekuzvishandira.
“Kwemakore zvino, mhando dzekurega basa dzave dzisina rupo uye dzakatibvumira kushomeka kuti tive nemararamiro akafanana neanoshandiswa nemumwe munhu kusvika pamudyandigere. Pane kudiwa kwehupfumi kuchengetedza mararamiro uye chinangwa hachizokanganisawo nhaka. Icho chiitiko cheEurope.
Munyika dzose dzeEurope, mushandi anozvishandira mupoteri ", akatsanangura mushandi weExec Avenue, uyo akatsanangura sezvakanaka kuSpain kuti vashandi vedu vakuru vanogadzira mabasa akawanda kupfuura nyika dzeEurope dzakaongororwa. "Kuzvishandira inzira yekubuda muzera, kune ruzivo rushoma pamusika uye inofanirwa kuvakwa zvichibva pakuziva uye kazhinji nekuedza uye kukanganisa," akatsoropodza.
Chimurenga chetsanga
Tichifunga nezve mamiriro akanaka, Iñaki Ortega, purofesa kuUNIR, akavimbisa kuti Spain "ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakanakisa pasi rose kuve mukuru". Pakati pezvinhu zvinoitsigira, tarisiro yehupenyu yakakwirira kwazvo-yechitatu munyika- uye hupenyu hwakanaka hwehupenyu. Bato repamusoro rine mamiriro ehupfumi akasarudzika munyika yedu. Kune vakwegura vakawanda vanoshingaira: mamiriyoni mana. Pakati pavo, vazhinji vemabhizimisi uye freelancers. Maeuro matanhatu pagumi ega ega anoshandiswa anobva kuvakuru. Imwe mu 4 euros yega yega yeGDP inobva kune vakwegura. Uye chikamu chakakosha chekuverenga vanhu kwesarudzo. Vanewo misha yakaunganidzwa muchimiro chedzimba, uko ruzhinji, vasere mugumi, vane dzimba nedzinobhadharwa, akatsanangura kudaro mukurukuri. “Zvinoratidza kuti chizvarwa chakachengeta, chinoramba chichichengetedza uye chinotsigira zvikuru. Vakwegura vakawanda vanobatsira vanhu vakavapoteredza. Vanounza mamiriyoni akawanda emitero yemari. Vachiri kushanda sevatevedzeri, mameya, makanzura. Kuenderera mberi nekufamba. Takatarisana nenzvimbo yakanakisa yekuve vakuru, uko zvimiro zvehutano zvinoperekedzawo ”, akasimbisa.
Huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushaikwa kwemabasa, hwakasimbiswa, hunogona kuve mukana weSpain, uye zvingave zvakakosha kutora mukana wemiganho yemukana. “Zvakaoma kutaura, asi zvinofanira kutaurwa. Isu tinoshanda makore mashoma kupfuura vatinoshanda navo vekuEurope. Iwe unoshanda zvishoma pane yakasara yeEurope. PavaSpain 100 voga voga vaigona kushanda, 40 vanoita kudaro muboka rezera ramakore 55 kusvikira ku69. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope kune makumi matanhatu, anenge makumi maviri mapoinzi. Izvi zvakatsanangura miganho yemukana yatinayo ”, akapfupikisa, kuita nhevedzano yekurudziro yekusimudzira chikamu chepamusoro.
Pakati pekare, chibvumirano chikuru chenyika chakaputsika netsika yakadzika midzi kwemazana emakore chinoratidza ipapo zvikomborero zvekuramba uchishanda uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda. Pakati pezvakanakira, hutsanana hwehurongwa hweveruzhinji, pamwe nekuchengetedza kwakanyanya. “Zvinobvumirawo hutano huri nani kuti hushande, kugara munzanga, kunzwa kunobatsira. Zviri nani kuva nevashandi vakawanda pane vashoma. Pachave nekunetsana kukuru mumusika wevashandi nekuti hapana zororo. Tinofanirwa kuunza vanhu vanobva kunze kwenyika kana kuti vari kuno varambe vachishanda,” akadaro Ortega, uyo akatsinhira kuti uyu ungave mukana mukuru kumakambani.
"Spain inogona kuve inotaura nezvepasi rose muhupfumi hwepamusoro. Makambani eSpanish anofanirwa kuyedza kupa zvinhu nemasevhisi uye kuve nemukuru mumakambani avo. Ivo havagone kunakidzwa nemabhenefiti ehupenyu hurefu kana vasina mukuru anoshanda. Zvinogoneka sei kuti iwe unonzwisisa musika mutsva unomiririra 1 mu4 euros kana iwe usina mukuru? Chii chakaitika kune mamwe masangano? Kwave kuri kuongorora kwevatengi vakuru vakati isu takura, asi kwete mapenzi uye vanofanirwa kutimirira zvakanaka. Dai vaive nemukuru, izvi zvingadai zvisina kuitika ", akadzivirira aimbova mumiriri weparamende weBasque, uyo akavimbisa kuti "injini yehupfumi yenyika ichava nzimbe, zera uye isu tine rombo rakanaka kuti muSpain isu tafambira mberi".
Saizvozvo, akataura nezvemamwe makambani ekuSpain nevekunze akaziva chokwadi ichi uye akatora mepu nezvenyaya iyi nezvirongwa zvakatsaurirwa vakwegura. Maitiro akanaka ebhizinesi, maererano naOrtega, anofanirwa kuitwa nemamwe makambani kuti atsigire iyi "kuchinja kwenzimbe." Kuonekwa kwevakuru vachiri kushanda kuchabatsira kuchengetedza vamwe. Kuziva maitiro akanaka emakambani kuchaita kuti vamwe vadaro uye vachisiya maitiro ekare akadai sekurega basa kwevakuru vakuru, kusimbisa purofesa, uyo aida kudzidziswa kwakawanda uye "hutano hwevakuru vezvehutano".
Kuvapo kwevakuru mukuita zvisarudzo
Asi, pane mukuru here mumaforamu ehurukuro? Pane here vanhu vakura vanobatanidzwa mukutsvaga kana paine dzidziso yekuita? Pane vanhu vakura vakasiya pfungwa yokuti kushanda kwenguva yakareba kwakanaka here? Vanotora chikamu mumaforamu ehurukuro here? Iyi mimwe yemibvunzo yaifanira kupindurwa nevakurukuri pamusangano wacho. "Kunyangwe pasina huvepo hwakakwana munzvimbo yesarudzo, ndinoona kuti ichayambira. Masangano ane hanya neizvi nhasi ari kukura. Zvingave nyore kubatana mauto, nekuti zvinozoita kuti zvikwanise kufambira mberi zvakanyanya mukusimudzira ruzivo ”, akapindura Rafael Puyol.
Iñaki Ortega anoti pane mutsauko pakati pevakuru vake uye mumiriri wake mukuita sarudzo. “MuSpain mune 26% yevatevedzeri vemauto. Ivo havana kumiririrwa zvakanaka kune vakuru muSpain, yavo 40%. Pachave nekusarurana pakati pevamiriri vemitemo kusingafarire vakuru," akatsanangura kudaro purofesa weUNIR, uyo mumharidzo yake akange atotaura nezve Association of Retired Professionals muUnited States, bato rine mamirioni evakuru uye rinobvumirana pane yakakura. chikamu chesarudzo chakavanzika uye chakaburitswa chinoburitsa zvakaunganidzwa.
Nekuda kwake, Alfonso Jiménez akataura nezvenyaya yekurambidza vashandi vepamusoro nekuda kwenyaya dzemitero. Akaratidza kusawirirana kwakawanda muhurongwa hwekuita kuti penjeni ienderane nebasa revakuru. “Hazvina kunaka kuisa zvimiti mumavhiri enyanzvi dziri kutsvaga mamwe mabasa. Zvese zvine chekuita nekuunza mari uye kushingaira pamudyandigere chinhu chekufunga nezvacho mumutemo ”, akapfupikisa.
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