Masangano Mutemo

Chii chinonzi Sangano?

Sangano rinodaidzwa kunzi kuunganidzwa kwevanhu kana masangano aine chinangwa chakafanana. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasangano dzinoenderana nechinangwa chinobatana navo. Nekudaro, mu Nzvimbo yemutemo, masangano anozivikanwa nekuve mapoka evanhu vaine chinangwa chekuita chiitiko chakajairika, apo nenzira yedemokrasi nhengo dzavo dzakabatanidzwa pamwechete, hadzisi purofiti uye dzakazvimiririra pasangano chero ripi zvaro kana bato rezvematongerwo enyika, kambani kana sangano .

Kana boka revanhu rikarongeka kuti riite chimwe chiitiko chisiri purofiti pamwe chete, asi chine hunhu zviri pamutemo, zvinonzi ndezve "Isingabatsiri mubatanidzwa", nenzira iyo kodzero dzinogona kutorwa uye, nekudaro, kuita zvibvumirano, kuburikidza nerudzi urwu rwemasangano kusiyanisa kunosimbiswa pakati pezvinhu zvesangano neizvo zvevanhu vanobatana. Pakati pehumwe hunhu hwemhando iyi yemubatanidzwa ndeiyi:

  • Iko mukana wekuzara kwedemokrasi kushanda.
  • Kuzvimiririra kubva kune mamwe masangano.

Ndeipi mitemo inotonga bumbiro reMasangano?

Nezve mutemo uyu we Bumbiro reMasangano, zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti vanhu vese vane mvumo yekuwadzana vakasununguka kuzadzikisa zvinangwa zviri pamutemo. Naizvozvo, mubumbiro remasangano uye nekugadzwa kwesangano uye mashandiro akafanana, zvinofanirwa kuitwa mukati mezvikamu zvakamisikidzwa neBumbiro remitemo, muzvibvumirano zveMutemo nezvimwe zvakasarudzika zvinofungidzirwa nehurongwa hwemutemo.

Ndehupi hunhu hwakakosha hunofanirwa kuve nemasangano?

Mumasangano akasiyana, pane nhevedzano yemitemo yakamisikidzwa nemubatanidzwa, zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemutemo wakasikwa uri pamusoro pekugadzirisa kodzero yakakosha yemubatanidzwa. Uye izvo nekuwedzera, uyu mutemo wehunhu une hunhu hwekuwedzera, zvinoreva kuti mune izvo zviitiko apo iyo mirawo isingatungamirirwe mumitemo chaiyo asi kana mutemo wehunhu uchizotongwa nezvakapihwa mairi. Uye tichifunga nezve izvo zvinopihwa nemutemo wekusikwa, iwo masangano anofanirwa kuratidza hunhu hwakakosha hunenge hwakanyorwa pazasi:

  1. Huwandu hushoma hwevanhu hunofanira kusanganisa masangano epamutemo hunofanira kunge hune vanhu vatatu (3).
  2. Ivo vanofanirwa kurangarira zvinangwa uye / kana zviitiko zviitwe mukati memubatanidzwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvakajairika.
  3. Iko kushanda mukati memubatanidzwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakazara zveruzhinji.
  4. Panofanira kuve nekusavapo kwezvinangwa zvebatsiro.

Muchikamu 4) chendima yapfuura, kusavapo kwezvinangwa zvebatsiro zvinokurukurwa, zvinoreva kuti mabhenefiti kana zvasara zvehupfumi zvegore hazvigone kugoverwa pakati pevamwe vakaroorana, asi mapoinzi anotevera anotenderwa:

  • Unogona kuve nezvakawanda zvehupfumi mukupera kwegore, izvo zvinowanzo kuve zvinodikanwa nekuti kugadzikana kwesangano hakuna kukanganiswa.
  • Iva nezvibvumirano zvebasa mukati memubatanidzwa, izvo zvinogona kuve zvinoumbwa nevabatsiri uye nenhengo dzebhodhi revatungamiriri, kunze kwekunge zvirevo zvapa neimwe nzira.
  • Zviitiko zvehupfumi zvinogona kuitiswa izvo zvinounza huwandu hwehupfumi hwesangano. Izvi zvakasara zvinofanirwa kudzoreredzwa mukati mekuzadzikiswa kwezvinangwa zvakagadzwa nesangano.
  • Vabatsiri vacho vanofanirwa kuve nekwaniso yekuita zvinoenderana nesangano uye vasina simba rakaringana rekuve nerukudzo musangano, zvine chekuita nemutongo wekutonga kana mumwe mutemo, semuenzaniso, sezvazviri muchiuto nevatongi. Kana mumwe wevabatsiri ari mudiki (sezvo zvichibvumirwa), chinzvimbo ichi chinopihwa nevabereki vavo kana vamiririri vezvemitemo, nekuti kuve mudiki hakuna kugona zviri pamutemo.

Ndeapi matanho akakosha eSangano?

Mitumbi inoumba mitemo yesangano iri maviri chaiwo:

  1. Mitumbi yehurumende: inozivikanwa se "Assemblies of Members".
  2. Iwo mamiririri anomiririra: Kazhinji, vanogadzwa kubva pakati penhengo dzesangano rimwechete (rinodzora) uye, inonzi "Bhodhi revatungamiriri", kunyangwe vachigona kuzivikanwa pasi pemamwe mazita se: komiti yepamusoro, komiti yehurumende, timu yehurumende, manejimendi bhodhi , nezvimwewo.

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mukati mesangano rusununguko rwekusangana rwakatangwa, rinogona kumisikidza mamwe matunhu emukati kuburikidza nawo mamwe mabasa anogona kuwedzerwa, senge makomiti ebasa, ekudzora uye / kana ekuongorora masangano, kuitira kuti iite mashandiro ari nani eAsociation .

Ndehupi hunhu hwakakosha hunofanirwa kusangana neGeneral Assembly yeSangano?

Iyo General Assembly inoumbwa semutumbi uko hutongi hwesangano hwakagadzwa uye hunoumbwa nevose vanobatirana uye, hunhu hwayo hwakakosha ndeunotevera

  • Ivo vanofanirwa kusangana kamwe chete pagore, pane zvakajairika hwaro, kuti vabvumire maakaundi egore rinopera uye vadzidze bhajeti regore rinotanga.
  • Kufona kunofanirwa kuitwe nenzira isinganzwisisike kana kuchinjwa kwemirau uye zvese zvinopihwa mavari zvichidikanwa.
  • Ivo vadyidzani pachavo vanozoisa mirawo uye chimiro chekugamuchirwa kwezvisungo zvebumbiro remusangano nekoramu inodiwa. Kana nyaya yekusagadziriswa nemirau ikaitika, Mutemo weSangano unosimbisa mamiriro anotevera:
  • Kuti chikamu chinofanirwa kunge chakaumbwa nechetatu chevasonganiri.
  • Zvibvumirano zvakagadzwa mumisangano zvichapihwa neruzhinji rwevanhu varipo kana vanomiririrwa, mune iyi nyaya mavhoti ekuti anofanirwa anofanira kunge ari mazhinji achienzaniswa neasina kunaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mavhoti akanaka anofanira kupfuudzwa nehafu, zvibvumirano zvinofungidzirwa zvichave zvibvumirano zvine chekuita nekuparadzwa kwesangano, kushandurwa kweMitemo, mamiriro kana kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu nemubhadharo wenhengo dzedare rinomiririra.

Zvinoenderana neMutemo wakasimbiswa, chii chiri kushanda kweBhodi reVatungamiriri mukati meSangano?

Dare revatungamiriri ibato rinomiririra rinotungamira kuita maitirwo mukati memubatanidzwa wemasangano uye, nekudaro, masimba aro achawedzera, kazhinji, kune ese zviito zvinobatsira kuchinangwa chesangano, chero vachizviita. hazvidi, zvinoenderana neMitemo, mvumo yakajeka kubva kuGeneral Assembly.

Naizvozvo, kushanda kwesangano rinomiririra kunoenderana nezvakamisikidzwa mumitemo, chero bedzi vasingapikisane neMutemo wakagadzwa maererano neChirevo 11 cheOrganic Law 1/2002, yaKurume 22, Kutonga Kodzero yeKusangana, iyo inosanganisira zvinotevera:

[…] 4. Pachave neboka rinomiririra rinotarisira uye rinomiririra zvido zvesangano, zvinoenderana nezvakarayirwa nemirairo yeGeneral Assembly. Vanoshamwaridzana chete ndivo vanogona kuita chikamu chemuviri unomiririra

Kuti uve nhengo yemasangano anomiririra musangano, pasina rusaruro kune izvo zvakagadzwa mumitemo yavo, zvinodikanwa zvichave: kuva zera repamutemo, kushandiswa zvizere kwekodzero dzevanhu uye kusabatanidzwa muzvikonzero zvekusawirirana yakasimbiswa mumutemo uripo.

Chii chiri kushanda kweiyo Sangano?

Nezve kushanda kwesangano, izvi zvinofanirwa kuve zveruzhinji, iyo inoshandura, kazhinji, maererano nesangano, iine dzakateedzana hunhu kumasangano akasiyana, ayo anotemerwa zvichienderana nehukuru hweungano. , rudzi rwevanhu vanoumba, zvinoenderana nechinangwa chebato uye neyakajairwa mazwi, kugadzirisa kune izvo zvinodiwa nesangano zvinoda.

Kune rimwe divi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti vese vadyidzani vakaenzana mubato, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mukati memubatanidzwa munogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzekubatana, imwe neimwe iine mabasa nekodzero. Muchiitiko icho, nhengo dzinokudzwa dzinogona kuve nezwi asi dzisina vhoti mumusangano.

Ndeupi mutemo unoshanda muAssemblies?

Sangano rinotongwa nezvakawanda Yakatemwa Mitemo. Mimwe yemitemo iyi ndeyekare uye ipfupi.

Pakati pemitemo iyi pane Organic Mutemo 1/2002, waMay 22, Kudzora Kodzero Yemubatanidzwa, pane hwaro hwekuwedzera. Kana ikaburitsa pachena, iwo mamiriro akaipisisa anogona kunge asingadzorwe mumutemo wepakati uye, kana zvirizvo zvazviri, zvinozoshanda kune zvinopihwa nemutemo wekusika.

Muzviitiko zvakati wandei, senge izvo zvinonongedzera kumasangano ehunyanzvi kana ebhizinesi, zvakakosha kuti utarise kuti iwo Mutemo Wakananga uye Mutemo weOrganic unofanirwa kutarisirwa.

Kune rimwe divi, kune zvakare mimwe mitemo yakajairika muchisikigo, izvi zvinoshanda kumasangano ane chiyero chakakosha chezviito chinogumira kune imwechete nharaunda yakazvimiririra. Nharaunda Inodzivirira inoreva nharaunda iyoyo iyo yakadzika mutemo kune izvozvi, chimwe chinhu chisati chaitika mune dzimwe nharaunda.

Nechikonzero ichi, iwo wakazvimiririra mutemo unoshanda unoshanda kumasangano asiri ehupfumi unogona kurongwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvakatsanangurwa pazasi: 

  1. MITEMO YEMAHARA.

  • Organic Mutemo 1/2002, waMarch 22, inodzora Kodzero Yemubatanidzwa.
  • Royal Chirevo 1740/2003, yaDecember 19, pane maitiro ane chekuita nemasangano eruzhinji.
  • Royal Chirevo 949/2015, yaGumiguru 23, iyo inobvumidza Mitemo yeNational Registry yeMasangano.

  1. NZIRA DZENYAYA

Andalusia:

  • Mutemo 4/2006, waJune 23, paMasangano eAndalusia (BOJA no. 126, yaJuly 3; BOE kwete. 185, yaAugust 4).

Canary Islands:

  • Mutemo 4/2003, waFebruary 28, paCanary Islands Associations (BOE kwete. 78, yaApril 1).

Catalonia:

  • Mutemo 4/2008, waApril 24, webhuku rechitatu reCivil Code yeCatalonia, ine chekuita nevanhu vepamutemo (BOE kwete. 131 yaMay 30).

Valencian Nharaunda:

  • Mutemo 14/2008, waNovember 18, paMasangano eValencian Community (DOCV kwete. 5900, yaNovember 25; BOE kwete. 294, yaZvita 6).

Nyika yeBasque:

  • Mutemo 7/2007, waChikumi 22, paMasangano eBasque Nyika (BOPV No. 134 ZK, yaChikunguru 12; BOE No. 250, yaGumiguru 17, 2011).
  • Chirevo 146/2008, chaChikunguru 29, ichibvumidza Mitemo paPublic Utility Associations uye yavo Dziviriro (BOPV No. 162 ZK, yaAugust 27).

  1. MITEMO INONYANYA.

Masangano evechidiki:

  • Royal Decree 397/1988, yaApril 22, iyo inodzora kunyoreswa kweMasangano Evechidiki

Masangano evadzidzi:

  • Chinyorwa 7 cheOrganic Law 8/1985 pane kodzero yekudzidza
  • Royal Chirevo 1532/1986 iyo inodzora Masangano evadzidzi.

Masangano evadzidzi veYunivhesiti:

  • Chinyorwa 46.2.g cheOganiki Mutemo 6/2001, waZvita 21, paMayunivhesiti.
  • Mune zvinhu zvisina kufungidzirwa mumutemo wekare, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kune Chirevo 2248/1968, paMasangano evadzidzi uye iyo Order yaNovember 9, 1968, pamitemo yekunyoreswa kweMasangano evadzidzi.

Masangano emitambo:

  • Mutemo 10/1990, waGumiguru 15, paMitambo.

Masangano avanababa nanamai:

  • Chinyorwa 5 cheOrganic Law 8/1985, yaChikunguru 3, inodzora kodzero yekudzidza.
  • Royal Chirevo 1533/1986, yaChikunguru 11, iyo inodzora kushamwaridzana kwevabereki vevadzidzi.

Masangano evatengi nevashandisi:

  • Royal Legislative Decree 1/2007, yaNovember 16, iyo inobvumidza yakadzokororwa zvinyorwa zveGeneral Mutemo weKudzivirirwa kweVatengi neVashandisi uye mimwe mitemo yekuwedzera.

Bhizinesi nehunyanzvi masangano:

  • Mutemo 19/1977, waApril 1, pamutemo weRight to Trade Union Association.
  • Royal Decree 873/1977, yaApril 22, pane dhipoziti yemitemo yemasangano akagadzwa pasi peMutemo 19/1977, inodzora kodzero yekambani yemubatanidzwa.

Mhedzisiro yeMutemo:

  • Mutemo 13/1999, waApril 29, paKubatanidzwa kweKuvandudza kweNharaunda yeMadrid
  • Mutemo 45/2015, waGumiguru 14, paVazvipiri (nyika yese)
  • Mutemo 23/1998, waChikunguru 7, paInternational Development Cooperation
Zvimwe unofarira: