Chii chinonzi Kukakavara-Kwekutonga Masimba?
Iyo Inokakavara Administrative Jurisdiction (LJCA) ibazi reMasimba Ekutonga iro rinotarisira ruzivo uye kuongorora kwemaitiro ese ane chekuita nekushandiswa kweMutemo, ndiko kuti, iyo irikureva kune yakajairwa seti yakagadzirirwa kutonga kwe mutemo maererano nehutongi hwekuita uye, kuendesa kweichi chiitiko kuzvinangwa zvinozvipembedza, pamwe nekucherechedzwa kwezvese zviwanikwa zvevamiriri izvo zvinoenderera zvichipesana nezvisungo zvehutungamiriri izvo zvavanofunga zvisina kunaka.
Naizvozvo, iyo Administrative Litigation Jurisdiction yakagadzwa nechinangwa chekutonga makakatanwa ehutongi nematareji anomuka zvine chekuita nezvinoitwa nemasangano eruzhinji uye nevanhu vakazvimirira avo vari pamusoro pekuita akasiyana mabasa emukati. Enhengo dzakasiyana dzinoenderana neHurumende. .
Zvichienderana nenyika, chikamu chekutongwa kweruramisiro chinogona kuenderana, sezvinoitika kuSpain, kana inogona kunge iri yesangano repamusoro, kazhinji Kanzuru yeHurumende, sezvazvakaita neFrance.
Inomiririrwa sei iyo Inokakavara Administrative Jurisdiction uye ndeapi matanho ayo?
MuContinuous Administrative Jurisdiction, Nyika inonyanya kumiririrwa ne masimba ekutonga, uye mukushanda kwayo kune hukama nevanhu, mhando mbiri dzezviito dzinoitwa, dzinova:
- Management Mabasa: Izvi zviito umo Hurumende inoshanda semunhu ari pamutemo, sechinhu chemutemo, chiito ichi chinogona kuve kuburikidza nekupemberera zvibvumirano kana zvibvumirano. Iwo masimba ekutonga ari pasi pehutongi, nenzira imwecheteyo senge kune vanhu.
- Mabasa echiremera: Izvi zviito zvinoitwa neHurumende kuburikidza nemvumo, ndiko kuti, zviito zvinogona kuitwa "Kuraira, kurambidza, kubvumira kana kupa mvumo". Muzviitiko izvi, masimba anongori pasi peMutemo, kunze kwekunge nezviito zvaitika zvinogona kukuvadza Kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika kana dzeVanhu, ndipo panogona kuita chiito pachacho chisiri pamutemo kana kushungurudza uye nekudaro, icho ichave pasi pekukumbira.
Chirevo chakaitwa nemunhu nezve zviito zvisiri pamutemo kana zvekushusha kwesimba reHurumende pamberi peMatare Ekutonga, ndizvo zvinozivikanwa se "Kutonga Kutongwa". Inopfupikiswa ipapo, kuti chiitiko ichi kupokana pakati peManeja Ekutonga (Nyika) nevanhu.
Ndeipi mitemo inotonga inokakavara Administrative Jurisdiction?
Kutonga kwekutonga kwezviito nemirau inogadzirwa nePublic Administration muSpain inosimbiswa neArt. 106.1 yeMutemo weSpain.
Ichi chinyorwa 106.1 cheSpanish Bumbiro ndicho chinosimbisa kuti "Iwo Matare" anogona kudzora masimba ekutonga uye nekudaro mutemo unowirirana nehutongi chiitiko, pamwe nekutumirwa kwayo kune zvinangwa zvinozvipembedza.
Sekureva kweMutemo 29/1998, waChikunguru 13, Kudzora Kukakavara-Kwehutongi Masimba, kunoratidzira muArt. 1., kuti maDare neMatare anotonga gakava-rekutonga uye kuti, nekudaro, vanofanirwa kuziva zvirevo. iyo inobviswa maererano nechinoitwa neinoenderana nePublic Administrations ayo ari pasi peMutemo weKutonga, zvine chekuita nezvose zvinopihwa zvechinzvimbo chakaderera pane Mutemo uyezve, neMutemo wezvemitemo kana izvi zvapfuura maererano nemipimo ye kutumwa.
Ndiani anoumba Ruzhinji Kutungamira?
Zvinoenderana neArt. 2., weMutemo 29/1998, waChikunguru 13, Kudzora Kukakavara-Kwehutongi hwekutonga, zvinotevera zvinonzwisiswa nemhedzisiro yePublic Administrations:
- Iyo General State Kutonga.
- Iwo manejimendi eVanozvimiririra Nharaunda.
- Iwo Masangano anoumba Yemunharaunda Kutungamira
- Veruzhinji Mutemo Masangano anoenderana kana akabatana neHurumende, maAutonomous Communities kana Masangano emuno.
Ndiani anoumba Kukakavara-Kwekutonga Masisitimu akarongeka?
Inogadzirwa nemitumbi inotevera:
- Anokakavara-Mahofisi Ekutonga.
- Central Administrative Matare.
- Anokakavara-Ekutonga Makamuri eMatare Ekumusoro eJustice.
- Anokakavara-Administrative Chamber weNational Court.
- Kukakavadzana Chamber. Kutungamira kweDare Repamusorosoro.
Ndeapi masimba anoenderana neKukakavara-Kwekutonga Matare?
Iwo masimba eaya anokakavara-ehutongi maCourts, ayo ari ega-munhu maDare, anotevera:
- Kukwikwidza kwerudzi rwemakakatanwa-ehutongi ane hukama nemasimba ekudzivirira kodzero dzakakosha, zvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye danho remubhadharo wanga uchienderera zvine chekuita nezviito zveHurumende kana maKanzuru Anodzora eVanhu Vakazvimiririra, zvisinei nekuti zvaive hunhu hwezviito izvi.
- Iwo maratidziro ehutongi akanangana nezviito zvekugadzirira uye kupa zvimwe zvibvumirano zviri pasi pemutemo wekutenga wePublic Administrations.
- Nezve zviito nezvipo zvePublic Law Corporations, zvakagamuchirwa mukuitwa kwakakodzera kwemabasa eruzhinji.
- Izvo zvinoenderana nezviito zvekutonga zvekutonga kana manejimendi zvinorairwa neiyo inopa Kutungamira, zvine chekuita nevaya vanorairwa nevatengesi vevashandi veveruzhinji izvo zvinoreva kushandiswa kwesimba rekutonga ravakapiwa.
- Basa repamutemo revatungamiriri veveruzhinji, zvisinei nemhando yechiitiko kana mhando yehukama inomuka pairi, kusakwanisa kumhan'arirwa nekuda kwechikonzero ichi pamberi pevamiriri vehurumende kana vezvematongerwo enyika.
- Uye dzese dzimwe nyaya dzine hukama kana dzakaburitswa pachena neMutemo.
Mukati meMasimba Ekukakavara ndeapi maitiro akasiyiwa?
Idzi dzinotevera nyaya dzakabviswa kubva kuContentious Jurisdictional odha:
- Izvo zvinonzi zvinomiririrwa nevemagariro ehurumende, ematsotsi nemagariro, kunyangwe kana zviine chekuita nebasa rinoenderana nePublic Administration.
- Nezve kukwikwidza kwechiuto-kweyematare.
- Nezvekupokana kwemasimba pakati peMatare neMatare uye neHurumende Hwevanhu, pamwe nekupokana kwemasimba anomuka pakati pemitumbi yeHurumende imwe chete.
Ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira yekukwidza kukwidza?
Mazuva ekupedzisira ekumisikidza kukwikwidza-manejimendi kukwikwidza anotevera:
- Taura zviito: Iwo ari maviri (2) mwedzi kubva pazuva rinotevera kuburitswa kweanokwikwidza akakwikwidza kupihwa kana kuziviswa kana kuburitswa kwechiito, nenzira iyo manejimendi maitiro anofanirwa kumiswa, kana achitaurwa.
- Izvo zvinonzi zviito: inonzi hutungamiriri zvinyararire, mune izvo zvitanhatu (6) izvo zvinoverengerwa iye anenge achinyorera uye nevamwe vanogona kufarira. Kubva zuva rinotevera kune vese avo, ivo, zvinoenderana nemirau yavo chaiyo, chiitiko chinofungidzirwa chekutonga chinoitika.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti iyo Yakazara Bumbiro reMutemo (TC) mukutonga kwaApril 10, 2014, yakanyatsojekesa kuti kana iyo Dare ichiramba chikumbiro kubva kune mumwe munhu nekuda kwekunyarara kwekutonga, hapana nguva yekupedzisira yekukwidza nyaya pamberi pevanokakavara- masimba.
Kukakavara-manejimendi kukwirira kesi yechiito muchokwadi.
Mune imwe nyaya umo kukakavara-kwehutongi kukwikwidza kunotungamirwa nezve chiito, izwi rinoenderana neiyi nzira ichave mazuva gumi akaverengerwa kubva pazuva rinotevera kupera kweshoko rakamisikidzwa muArt. 10, mairi yakatsanangura kuti munhu anofarira anogona kuumba chikumbiro kune Anoshanda Administration, achiratidza kumira kwayo.
Kana, zvichipesana, chiziviso chisati chagadzirwa kana kuenda mukati memazuva gumi (10) zvichitevera kuiswa kwechikumbiro, saka kukakavara-kweyehutongi kukwidza kunogona kubviswa zvakananga, kana zvirizvo, kuti pakanga pasina chinodiwa, nguva ichave iri makumi matatu (30) mazuva achiverenga kubva pazuva iro danho rekutonga rakatotanga.
