Masiku XNUMX apitawa, mmodzi wa owerenga ndemanga zodzichepetsazi anatisiyira ndemanga zina zimene takhala tikuzimva nthawi zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa ganizo, monga m’zochitika zina, timayankha m’malo omwewo pamene zinachitikira. Komabe, posinkhasinkha pang’onopang’ono, anaona kuti kungakhale kosangalatsa kupereka nkhani yonse ku mawu ameneŵa, popeza kuti pali anthu ambiri amene, malinga ndi mawu awo, amaganiza mofananamo, ndipo amakhulupirira moona mtima kuti akulakwa. Mukudziwa, ndemanga ngati 'chichokereni kusukulu sindinagwiritse ntchito masamu' kapena 'masamu alibe ntchito kwa ine'. Mizere yotsatirayi sinali yokhutiritsa aliyense. Komabe, ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira ngati banja zomwe timawonetsa pang'ono za kusalondola kwa 'nthano zamatauni' (ndinganene, popeza anglicism ili m'mafashoni, 'zabodza') zamtundu womwe wafotokozedwa. Ndikumvetsa kuti amafotokozedwa mwaulemu, komanso popanda cholinga choipa, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ndi ntchito yathu (ya masamu, asayansi, aphunzitsi kapena akatswiri) kuyesa kuwafotokozera, kapena kupereka zifukwa za kusagwirizana kwathu. Komanso, ndikuyesera kupereka zitsanzo zenizeni, ndikuganiza kuti zimagwirizana bwino ndi kuwululidwa, lomwe ndilo tanthauzo lomaliza la zowunikirazi zomwe timabweretsa pano sabata iliyonse. Ndidzaitana onse amene anaphunzira ndi kumaliza ntchito ya yunivesite mu maphunziro a masamu; pakadali pano digiri ya bachelor mu masamu, digiri ya bachelor mu masamu. Ndilo tanthauzo lalikulu, ndikudziwa, chifukwa padzakhala omwe amalingalira masamu okhawo omwe amafufuza masamu, osati omwe amadzipereka okha pakuphunzitsa, kufalitsa, ndi zina zotero. Zowonadi, akale ndi omwe ali ndi zovomerezeka zochulukirapo kugwiritsa ntchito nambalayi, chifukwa amayesa kupititsa patsogolo nkhaniyi ndi ntchito yawo. Koma popeza ndilankhula molingana ndi maphunziro omwe ndalandira, m'lingaliro ili ndikuyesera kuwonjezera zomwe ndalembazo. Kodi ndi wafilosofi uti amene mukumudziwa yemwe sanaphunzirepo logic kapena masamu? Poyambira penapake, akunena kuti sindikuganiza kuti akatswiri ambiri a masamu angapezeke omwe samadzinenera kuti filosofi ndi mbiri ya filosofi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa maphunziro a nzika iliyonse yokhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba, amtundu uliwonse. Ndipo ndikutsutsa ndi funso: Kodi ndi wafilosofi uti amene mukumudziwa yemwe sanapange malingaliro kapena masamu mwanjira ina? Kodi ndikofunikira kupanga mndandanda wa anthanthi omwe si a masamu? Háganla adzapeza nambala yotsika kwambiri kuposa ya anthanthi onse. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chodziwikiratu: masamu samangoganizira zaukadaulo potengera mawerengedwe (icho ndi gawo chabe, kagawo kakang'ono komwe tinganene malinga ndi phunziro lathu, komanso kagawo kakang'ono ka mikhalidwe yocheperako kuposa malo onse), koma tsatiraninso Kufotokozera ndikuwonetsa nkhani iliyonse, pogwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo ndi kulingalira komwe kuli koyenera kwambiri pavutoli. Masamu sikuti amangofuna kuthetsa konkire, monga momwe timaphunzitsidwira m'moyo wathu wa sukulu, koma pamwamba pa malingaliro onse, kusanthula, chitukuko cha njira; Pambuyo popezeka njirazo, gawo lodziwikiratu lachigamulo lidzagulitsidwa, lomwe silidzakhalanso gawo la makina omaliza. Monga ndikunenera, iyi ndi gawo lomaliza, gawo laukadaulo, losafunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa chofunikira ndikuzindikira, kupeza momwe. Kumeneko muli ndi 'chithunzi' cha zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi 'wafilosofi woyamba', Thales wa Mileto, yemwe, monga mukudziwira, amadziwikanso ndi chiphunzitso chomwe chalola kuti anthu onse azichita zinthu monga mtunda wautali kuchokera kumalo osafikirika. Simungathe ngakhale kudetsedwa kunyumba Ngakhale ndizoona, popeza timatsegula maso athu m'mawa uliwonse, tikugwiritsa ntchito masamu. Titha kubzala masewera otchedwa 'Osachita zomwe mukufuna mwanjira ina masamu kuti muthe kuchita'. Inde, adzadzuka pamene thupi lawo liwauza kutero, chifukwa wotchi ya alamu idzaletsedwa. Iwalani piritsi, foni yam'manja, kompyuta, kanema wawayilesi, microwave, chitofu, chowotcha, makina ochapira, ndi zina zotere, chida chilichonse chomwe chili ndi gawo lophatikizika pang'ono lomwe, monga mukudziwa, likumvera masamu algorithm. Pazifukwa zomwezo, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kwa kuwala, kotero ngati nyumba yanu ili m'nyumba, pezani kandulo yabwino yokhala ndi kandulo yomwe ikuphatikizidwa kuti muzitha kuigwira bwino, chifukwa tochi, ngati palibe wina. Muyenera kukhala ndi zidebe zingapo zabwino zamadzi kuti mutsitse chimbudzi chifukwa sitingathe kutsuka tcheni kapena kuyatsa popopa chifukwa kapangidwe ka mapaipi, kagwiridwe kake kamayenera kuwerengera ndi miyeso yomwe wina adapanga kuti igwire ntchito. . Zachidziwikire, khalani ndi masamba okonzekera kuti mudziyeretse nokha, popeza pepala lamtundu uliwonse lili ndi miyeso ndi miyeso yomwe simungagwiritse ntchito, osatchulanso makonde azinthu zomwe mwapanga (izi zimakhudza mapiritsi anu ndi mankhwala kapena kumwa) . Chifukwa chiyani mpukutu wa pepala lakuchimbudzi uli wozungulira komanso wosakhala wa prismatic, spherical, etc.? Pepani, sitingagwiritse ntchito mawu a masamu. Masamu samangofuna kuthetsa konkire, koma pamwamba pa malingaliro onse, kusanthula, chitukuko cha njira. Momwemonso, tiyenera kukhala amaliseche kwathunthu mumsewu, chifukwa mawonekedwe a zovala sali chabe. Ayenera kulipanga molingana ndi kukula kwake, ndipo limapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi miyeso yokwanira. Ngakhalenso ndalama, mabilu (Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chomwe timagwiritsa ntchito manambala 1, 2 ndi 5 ndi machulukitsidwe awo, ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali? Bwanji osatero 1, 3, 7, mwachitsanzo, kapena zikhalidwe zina?), Makhadi a ngongole kapena mtundu wina uliwonse (mukudziwa, chifukwa cha ma barcode, PIN ndi ena), komanso sadzalabadira ma frequency a basi ndi njira zina. za mayendedwe (ma GPS atengera gawo la intersection theorem). Amazindikira kuti manambalawo kulibe. Ndipo ngati mumawadziwa, simukudziwa dongosolo lawo (Ndibwino bwanji 'Buku la Mchenga' lolemba Jorge Luis Borges, mwa njira! zolemba pamanja, chifukwa mafonti pakali pano amapangidwa ndi ntchito zamasamu ndi njira zina zomasulira; kumbukirani malamulo amasewerawa, osagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chokhala ndi masamu). ayenera kuyenda kulikonse kumene akupita, koma osati mwa njira yaifupi kwambiri, chifukwa pamaziko otani amasankha kuti njira yaifupi kwambiri ndi iti? Komanso, 'wamfupi' amatanthauza chiyani? Mwachiwonekere sitingathe kudya chilichonse chomwe sichinapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito masamu ena, choncho, kusala kudya komwe kuli kwathanzi, ndipo tiyeni tipite kumunda kukathyola zipatso zakuthengo, chifukwa ndikuopa sadzatha kugwira chilichonse chomwe mundawo uli ndi malire, mtundu wa ulimi wothirira, dongosolo la mbewu, ndi zina. Pachithunzichi, wopanga zilembo 'a' mumtundu wa Helvetica, wokhala ndi ma curve a Bezier. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, kuwonjezera pa mfundo zomwe chiwonetsero chomaliza chimadutsa (node), pali mfundo zowongolera zomwe zimasonyeza kutsetsereka kwa chigawo chilichonse. Sciences vs Humanities Pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, sitingathe kudziwa zonse za chilichonse m'njira yokwanira. Chidziŵitso chaumunthu n’chotambasuka kotero kuti tiyenera kuchita mwapadera. Komabe, kukhala ndi chikhalidwe, kudziwa zofunika kwambiri pa chilichonse, ndikofunikira komanso kopindulitsa. Sindikudziwa kuti ndi nthawi yanji m'mbiri yomwe wina adaganiza zolekanitsa sayansi ndi anthu, kapena amene angakhale 'namatetule' wa lucid, koma ndithudi anachita chimodzi mwa zopusa zazikulu kwambiri. Munthu ali ndi mbali zambiri, ndipo ndi wosagawanika. Imafunika ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya chidziwitso. Si 'wa malembo', kapena 'wa sayansi'. Ndi zonse ziwiri. Chowiringula chotchuka cha 'Ndine wolemba' ndi nyimbo yophweka, yopusa, yosakwanira. Ndikapezeka pamsonkhano womwe amalankhula za 'Moyo ndi maloto', ndingasiyidwe bwanji ndikunena kuti "sindikuganiza, chifukwa ndine sayansi"? Kapena ngati ayankha, "Kanema wa Quevedo ndi wabwino." Ndizosavomerezeka ngati mtsutso. N’kwanzeru ndi kwanzeru kukhala chete, kapena kuvomereza umbuli, kusiyana ndi kunena zopanda pake. Ife akatswiri a masamu, asayansi, sitingayembekeze kuti aliyense athetse ma equation osiyana, kapena kusintha machitidwe ochepetsera okosijeni (mwa zina, chifukwa ngati sichoncho, tingakhale opambana). Koma kutha, monga momwe buku la chinenero cha Lázaro Carreter lomwe tinaphunzira linanena, "kutha kusintha kaundula", ndi cholinga chotha kumva ndi kuyankhulana bwino ndi pulofesa wa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso wogwira ntchito yoyeretsa. Ndipo zowona popanda kuyenda kapena kuganiza kamphindi kuti ntchito zina ndi zabwino kapena zoyipa kuposa zina. Onse ali oyenera mofanana chifukwa onse ndi ofunikira. Ineyo pandekha, ndili m’gulu la kalabu, ndimakhala ndi mafilimu atsopano, ndimakhala wodziwa zambiri za nkhani zatsiku ndi tsiku (chinthu china chimene chimandisangalatsa), ndipo ndine katswiri wa masamu. Ndipo zokambirana ndi anzanga a m'kalasi nthawi zina zimakhala za masamu ndipo zina zambiri zimakhala za 'umunthu'. Ngakhale akatswiri a masamu, kapena aliyense wodzipereka ku 'sayansi' sanyoza 'anthu'. Mosiyana kwambiri. Zowonadi, 'kukhala munthu', zomwe wowerenga yemwe adalimbikitsa mizere iyi adawonetsa, sikumangopereka chilango kapena kwa wina aliyense. M'malo mwake, ndi chibadwidwe cha chidziwitso chonse chomwe takhala tikusintha, zabwino kapena zoyipa, nthawi yonse yomwe tikukhala padziko lapansi lino, zomwe, mwa njira, zomwe zimatsogolera, zidzatha Dzuwa lisanakhale nyenyezi yofiira. Ndemanga yomalizayi imandikumbutsa za ziwonetsero ziwiri zatsopano zazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zazaka zapitazi, sindikudziwa ngati zilinso zopeka za sayansi, zomwe ziliponso mafilimu asanu ndi awiri: 'Planet of the Apes', lolemba Pierre Boulle, ndi 'Make Room, Make Room!' lolembedwa ndi Harry Harrison, onse okhala ndi masamu. Chifukwa, monga ndikunenera, zonse zimagwirizana ndipo sayansi ndi umunthu sizosiyana zenizeni. Zitsanzo zimachuluka m'mabuku amitundumitundu, komanso m'mabuku akale ndi olemba, apano ndi akale. Kodi tidzatha kusiya kumvetsera aliyense akunena kuti 'Ndine munthu wa sayansi' kapena mosiyana? Nthawi yayitali bwanji amandikhulupirira, mosakayikira, owerenga okondedwa. Alfonso Jesús Población Sáez ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Valladolid komanso membala wa Dissemination Commission ya Royal Spanish Mathematical Society (RSME).
