Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi zatsala pang'ono kukhala zotentha kwambiri, zoyendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kutentha komwe kukuchuluka. Kutentha kwadzaoneni, chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kwakhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndikuwononga mabiliyoni chaka chino, malinga ndi malipoti apakati a World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) State of the Global Climate 2022, omwe adatulutsidwa Lamlungu pakutsegulira msonkhano wa UN wosintha nyengo (COP27) Egypt.
Lipoti la WMO ndi "nthawi ya chisokonezo cha nyengo", chodabwitsa chomwe "chapanga liwiro lowopsa, miyoyo yowononga padziko lonse lapansi", m'mawu a Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN, Antonio Guterres, mu uthenga wa kanema wotulutsidwa ku COP27 ku Sharm el. -Sheikh.
"Kumayambiriro kwa COP27, dziko lathu lapansi likutitumizira chizindikiro," alangiza motero Guterres. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, padzakhala kofunikira kuchita "zofuna komanso zodalirika" pamsonkhano ku Egypt, adawonjezera.
Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zikuchulukirachulukira. Kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanja kukukwera kawiri kuyambira 1993. Kwakankhira pafupifupi 10mm kuyambira January 2020 mpaka mbiri yatsopano chaka chino. Zaka ziwiri ndi theka zokha zapitazi zachititsa 10 peresenti ya kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja kuyambira pamene mankhwala a satellite anayamba pafupifupi zaka 30 zapitazo.
Chaka cha 2022 chidakhudza kwambiri madzi oundana ku European Alps, ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za kusungunuka kosaneneka. The Greenland ayezi pepala anataya misa kwa XNUMXth chaka motsatizana ndipo kunagwa mvula, osati matalala, kumeneko kwa nthawi yoyamba mu September.
Pakali pano akuti kutentha kwapadziko lonse mu 2022 kudzakhala pafupifupi 1,15ºC [1,02 mpaka 1,28ºC] pamwamba pa chiwerengero cha 1850-1900 chisanayambe. Chaka cha 2022 chidzakhala "chokha" chachisanu kapena chachisanu ndi chimodzi chotentha kwambiri pa mbiri, malinga ndi zolemba za boma, ndipo "zikomo" chifukwa cha chikoka chachilendo, kwa chaka chachitatu chotsatizana, cha zochitika za m'nyanja ya La Niña, zomwe zinachititsa kutsika kwa kutentha. m'madera ena a dziko lapansi. Komabe, izi sizisintha zomwe zimachitika nthawi yayitali. Kwangotsala nthawi kuti pakhale chaka china chotentha cholembedwa.
Ndipotu kutentha kumapitirirabe. Avereji ya zaka 10 pa nthawi ya 2013-2022 ikuyembekezeka kukhala 1,14ºC [1,02 mpaka 1,27ºC] pamwamba pa 1850-1900 pre-industrial baseline. Izi zikufanizira ndi 1,09 ° C kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2020, malinga ndi Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report.
Kutentha kwa nyanja kunali pamlingo wodziwika bwino mu 2021, chaka chatha chomwe chidawunikidwa, ndikutentha kwambiri m'zaka 20 zapitazi. “Kutentha kokulirapo, m'pamenenso zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipitsitsa. Tili ndi mpweya wambiri wa carbon dioxide m'mlengalenga tsopano kuti kutsika kwa 1,5 ° C kwa Pangano la Paris sikungatheke," akulangiza Mlembi Wamkulu wa WMO Pulofesa Petteri Taalas.
Malinga ndi lingaliro la katswiriyu, “pali kuchedwa kochulukira kwa madzi oundana ambiri ndipo kusungunuka kudzapitirira kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ngati si zikwi za zaka, ndi zotsatira zofunika pa chitetezo cha madzi. M’zaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa madzi a m’nyanja ndi kuwirikiza kawiri. Ngakhale timayesabe izi potengera mamilimita pachaka, onjezerani theka la mita kufika mita imodzi pa zana lililonse ndipo chimenecho ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nthawi yayitali kwa mamiliyoni ambiri a madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi otsika. "
"Nthawi zambiri, omwe alibe vuto ndi nyengo amavutika kwambiri, monga momwe tawonera ndi kusefukira kwamadzi ku Pakistan ndi chilala chakupha komanso chokhalitsa ku Horn of Africa. Koma ngakhale madera okonzekera bwino chaka chino awonongedwa ndi kunyanyira, monga momwe zimawonekera m’mafunde otentha kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi chilala kudera lalikulu la Ulaya ndi kum’mwera kwa China,” anawonjezera motero Pulofesa Taalas.
Mofananamo, kufunika kwa "nyengo yoopsa kwambiri" n'kotsimikizika, "aliyense Padziko Lapansi ali ndi mwayi wolandira machenjezo oyambirira omwe apulumutsa miyoyo."
Mlembi wamkulu wa UN, Antonio Guterres, apereka Ndondomeko Yantchito ku COP27 kuti akwaniritse Machenjezo Oyambirira kwa Onse m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Pakali pano theka la mayiko padziko lapansi akusowa. Guterres wapempha WMO kuti atsogolere ntchitoyi.
Ziwerengero za kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu lipoti lanthawi ya 2022 zili kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Baibulo lomaliza lidzatulutsidwa mu April wamawa.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya (carbon dioxide, methane ndi nitrous oxide) kudzafika ku 2021. Zambiri zochokera kumalo owunikira zikuwonetsa milingo ya mumlengalenga yamitundu yonse itatu yopitilira ikukwera pofika 2022.
