Chithunzi cha Schackleton, pa limodzi la maulendo ake - ABCIsrael VianaMadridUpdated: 14/03/2022 04:13h
“Mosakokomeza, iyi ndi sitima yapamadzi yokongola kwambiri yomwe sinayambe ndawonapo. Imayimilira, yonyada pansi panyanja, yosasunthika komanso yosungidwa modabwitsa. Ndilofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya polar," adatsimikizira ABC Mensun Bound Lachitatu. Mtsogoleri wa ulendo amene anapeza ngalawa ya Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922) anali chonyezimira, iye anatha kupeza Endurance anataya ndi kuiwala mozama 3.008 mamita, mu Nyanja Weddell, kwa zaka zoposa zana.
Mapeto omvetsa chisoni a ngalawa ya Shackleton anayamba kulembedwa pa January 18, 1915, popeza kuti njanji yokongolayo inali itatsekeredwa mu madzi oundana. Wofufuzayo anayesa kukhala munthu woyamba kuwoloka Antarctica kudutsa South Pole, koma sizinaphule kanthu.
Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo itatsekedwa, Endurance inawonongeka ndi madzi oundana pamene inatha kusungunuka m'chaka ndikugwa kosatha. Wofufuzayo ndi anthu ake kenaka anakakamizika kukana ntchito yodabwitsa yopulumutsira yomwe inafika pachimake patatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
+ zambiriMemory of Schacklenton, mu ABC Cultural, mu 2015 - ABC
Onse anapulumutsidwa, kupangitsa kuyesa kulephera kumeneko kukhala imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu zofufuza. Chimene palibe amene amakumbukira, komabe, ndi chakuti Shackleton adadutsa ku Galicia, monga momwe ABC inafotokozera pa September 30, 1914. Mutuwu unati: 'Expedition to the South Pole'. Kupitirizabe kutha kuwerengedwa kuti: “M’ngalawamo ya ku Britain, wofufuza malo wotchuka wachingelezi Shackleton wafika padoko la Vigo, yemwe akupita ku Buenos Aires, kuti, kuchokera kumeneko, ayambe ulendo watsopano wopita ku South Pole umene utenga nthaŵi ziwiri. zaka. Ulendo wolimba mtima walipidwa ndi kulembetsa koyambitsidwa ndi King George V ndi £10.000.
Ndi anthu ochepa chabe a m'nthawi yake amene akanachititsa kuti Shackleton ayambe kudana naye. Chilengezo chimene anafalitsa m’manyuzipepala cholembera anthu ongodzipereka chinasonyeza kuti ntchitoyi inali yowawa kwambiri: “Amuna ankafuna ulendo woopsa. Msilikali wotsika. Kuzizira kwambiri. Miyezi yayitali ya mdima wandiweyani. Zowopsa nthawi zonse. Si bwino kubwerera wamoyo. Ulemu ndi kuzindikirika ngati mutapambana". Koma mosasamala kanthu za machenjezo, anthu oposa 5000 omwe anafunsidwa anaperekedwa.
Wopenga
Ulendowu unali wopenga, chifukwa Nyanja ya Weddell inali isanalowereredwe kuyambira pamene mlenje wina wachingelezi wosaka zisindikizo anaitulukira m’zaka zitatu zoyambirira za m’ma XNUMX. Amalinyero ambiri adayesapo izi popanda chipambano asanafike Shackleton. Izi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ulendo wapansi umene anayenera kuchita ku Antarctica ngati anafika pamphepete mwa nyanja, koma sanapambane. Umboni wa vutolo ndi kudabwa ndi kusakhulupirira komwe kunawonetsedwa ndi Roald Amundsen, munthu woyamba kufika ku South Pole, pamene adamufotokozera ndondomeko yake.
+ Zambiri Tsamba la 1914 lofotokoza za Shackleton kudutsa Vigo - ABC
Atolankhani aku Spain anali akuwulula zambiri za ntchitoyi miyezi ingapo asanadutse ku Vigo. M'mwezi wa Marichi, 'El Heraldo Militar' inanena kuti Shackleton anali ku Norway akukonzekera ulendowu: "Wasankha dziko lino chifukwa, panthawi ino ya chaka, derali limapereka malo ambiri okhala ndi chipale chofewa komwe angagwire ntchito ngati m'madera a polar. ”. 'La Correspondencia de España' inatsindika mkangano womwe ukupitirirabe ndi wofufuza malo wa ku Austria Felix König, yemwe anatsimikizira kuti 'ali ndi ufulu wofunika kwambiri ndipo anamulembera kalata yakuti: 'Sizingatheke kuti maulendo awiriwa achoke pa Nyanja ya Weddell. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzasankha poyambira.'
Komabe, panali vuto lalikulu m'mutu mwa Shackleton lomwe linagwedeza ulendo wake waukulu. Pa tsiku lomwelo pamene bungwe la Endurance linanyamuka pamadzi kuchokera ku London pa August 1, 1914, dziko la Germany linalengeza kuti limenyana ndi Russia. France, dzina lankhondo la womalizayo, anachita chimodzimodzi ndi Germany. Mkhalidwe wankhondo unakhudza ulendowo kuyambira tsiku loyamba, pamene unali kuyenda pamtsinje wa Thames. Choyamba, protagonist wathu adatsika pansi ndipo adapeza kuti manyuzipepala adalengeza za kulimbikitsana ku Great Britain. Nthawi yomweyo, Antarctica imakhala yosafikirika ngati Mwezi.
maganizo okonda dziko lawo
N’zosavuta kuganiza mmene anamvera aliyense amene anali m’sitimayo atamva za kuyamba kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse. Kukonda dziko lawo kunawapangitsa kuti asiye chilichonse kuti ateteze dziko lawo. Shackleton, ndithudi, nayenso analingalira zimenezo, ngakhale kuti unali ulendo wa maloto ake. M’maŵa womwewo anasonkhanitsa anyamata ake pa sitimayo n’kuwauza kuti ali omasuka kulowa usilikali ngati akufuna. Kenako adatumiza telegraph kwa Admiralty kuti apereke ngalawa yake, ngakhale adawonjezera kuti, "ngati palibe amene akuwona kuti ndikofunikira, adaganiza kuti ndikwabwino kuchoka posachedwa kuti akafike ku Antarctica kumwera kwa chilimwe", akutero Javier Cacho mu ' Shackleton, el indomable '(Forcola, 2013).
+ infoChithunzi chaulendo wotsogozedwa ndi Amudsen kupita ku South Pole posachedwa - ABC
Patatha ola limodzi, adakali ndi mantha kuti dongosolo lake litha, adalandira yankho lachidule kuchokera kwa Admiralty: "Pitirizani." Kenako adapatsidwa telegalamu yachiwiri kuchokera kwa Winston Churchill, momwe adamuthokoza momveka bwino komanso mozama chifukwa cha zomwe adapereka ndikumulamula kuti apitirize ulendowo. Pamene dziko lidaloŵa m’nkhondo yowononga kwambiri m’mbiri kufikira nthaŵi imeneyo, iye anawoloka English Channel ndi chikumbumtima chosayera konse.
Patatha tsiku limodzi, a Endurance anafika padoko la Plymouth, ulendo wake womaliza ku Great Britain asananyamuke kupita ku Buenos Aires. Apa m’pamene Shackleton anaganiza kuti sapita nawo limodzi kuwoloka nyanja ya Atlantic n’kubwerera ku London kuti akachite malonda. Mu likulu iye anaona vertiginous kuguba kumene zinthu zinachitika, motsutsana ndi dziko lake kulengeza za nkhondo Germany pa August 4. Patapita tsiku limodzi anakumana ndi George V, yemwe anamuuza za zofuna zake zaumwini ndi Korona kuti ulendowo sudzakhudzidwa ndi mkanganowo.
Kumbali ya Vigo
Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chithandizo chonse chomwe adapeza, Shackleton sanadziwike bwino pa zomwe ayenera kukhala. Manyuzipepala ena adamudzudzula chifukwa cha chisankho chake chopita ku Antarctica pamene dziko la Britain linali pamphepete mwa phompho. "Dziko limakufunani," adalengeza zikwangwani zomwe zidafalikira ku London konse pomwe adapita ku Galicia pa sitima yapamadzi "Uruguay" kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Panthawiyi, Ajeremani anali pazipata za Paris pamene adakwera ku Spain kuti achoke kumeneko kukakumana ndi Endurance ndi amuna ake ku Buenos Aires.
+ infoChronicle of the Shackleton rescue - ABC
'Shackleton in Vigo', ikhoza kuwerengedwa mu nyuzipepala ya 'Informaticones de Madrid'. Kumeneko wofufuzayo anapitiriza kukayikira ngati ayenera kupitiriza ndi ulendo umene unamutengera zaka zambiri kukonzekera, komanso momwe adayikamo ndalama zambiri, kapena "kumutuma kuti akamwe poizoni," monga momwe adauzira atolankhani pamene adafunsa. iye. Zinali zomveka kuti anadabwa ndi zonse zomwe zinkachitika mkati mwa kuwomba m'manja kwa a Galicia omwe anapita kukamulandira pa doko.
“Shackleton walandilidwa m’bwato ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu amene anafunsa za ngalawa zimene, mu 1702, zinatuluka m’chigwacho ndi katundu wochuluka wa golidi, siliva ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Monga wanenera, iye mwiniyo akufuna kuti agwire ntchito yochotsa chuma chonsecho asanakonzekere ulendo wopita ku South Pole, "ABC inati. Chidwi chimenechi chinali chikumbutso cha chizoloŵezi chake chaubwana chofunafuna chuma chobisika, ngakhale kuti maganizo ake anali kwina kulikonse tsopano.
Kukayikira kwake kunathetsedwa ndi bwenzi lake James Caird, philanthropist wa ku Scotland yemwe, monga adatsutsa, zinali zosavuta kupeza mazana a zikwi za achinyamata omwe adathamangira kunkhondo, koma mwinamwake zosatheka kupeza wina wokhoza, monga iye, Kuchita. vuto la ulendo umenewo. Kenako ananyamuka kupita ku Buenos Aires kuti akakhale ndi Endurance pa nthawi yomwe anali kukonzekera ulendo womaliza wa moyo wake.
