M'menemo tili ndi timbewu zomwe kristalo ndi. Kusukulu tinaphunzira kuti, kuchokera ku njere za shuga kupita ku diamondi, zipangizozi zimagawana dongosolo lofanana ndi ladongosolo la maatomu awo, kupanga ndondomeko yomwe imabwereza mlengalenga, kupangitsa maonekedwe awo okongola ndi okhazikika. M'kalasi ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kumene Pulofesa Frank Wilczek, Mphotho ya Nobel mu Fizikisi, anali ndi lingaliro: bwanji ngati pangakhale "makristali a nthawi" omwe dongosolo lawo, m'malo mobwerezabwereza mlengalenga, limadzibwereza nthawi?
Malingaliro 'achilendo' awa omwe adabzalidwa mu 2012 adayambitsa mkangano wamphamvu pakati pa asayansi kwazaka zambiri. Ngati n'kotheka, mtundu uwu wa kristalo uyenera kukhala wokhazikika koma, nthawi yomweyo, umasinthanso mawonekedwe ake a kristalo nthawi ndi nthawi; Zimaganiziridwa kuti ngati tiwona nthawi zosiyanasiyana, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mapangidwe awo (m'mlengalenga) sali ofanana nthawi zonse, akukhala mumayendedwe osatha, ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zochepa kapena pansi.
Zonsezi zimasokoneza mwachindunji malamulo a thermodynamics. Ndipo makhiristo awa sangakhale olimba kapena madzi kapena mpweya. Ngakhale plasma -ionized gasi-. Kungakhale mkhalidwe wosiyana wa nkhani.
Pambuyo pa mikangano yoopsa yomwe Wilczek adadziwika kuti ndi wamisala, mu 2016 gulu lidatha kuwonetsa kuti zinali zotheka kupanga makhiristo a nthawi, ntchito yomwe idakwaniritsidwa patangotha chaka chimodzi. Kuyambira pamenepo, gawo la physics ili lakhala gawo lopatsa chiyembekezo lomwe lingasinthire chilichonse kuchokera paukadaulo wa quantum kupita ku matelefoni, kudzera mumigodi kapena kumvetsetsa komwe chilengedwe.
Komabe, pali vuto: makhiristo awa amangowoneka mumikhalidwe yapadera. M'mawu a konkire, asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito Bose-Einstein magnon quasiparticle condensates, mkhalidwe wa zinthu womwe umapangidwa pamene tinthu tating'ono, totchedwa bosons, takhazikika mpaka pafupi ndi ziro (-273,15 degrees Celsius kapena -460 degrees Fahrenheit). Izi zimafuna zipangizo zamakono kwambiri ndipo, ndithudi, sizingachoke m'ma laboratories ndi zipinda zopuma, chifukwa kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe chakunja kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chake zisatheke.
Mpaka pano. Gulu lochokera ku yunivesite ya California Riverside lakwanitsa kupanga makristasi a nthawi ya kuwala omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi kutentha kwa firiji, monga momwe tafotokozera mu kafukufuku wa 'Nature Communications'. Kuti achite izi, kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kanatengedwa - kapu yopangidwa ndi galasi la magnesium fluoride la millimeter imodzi m'mimba mwake yomwe idalowa mu resonance polandira mafunde a mafunde ena. Kenako adaphulitsa chowonera chaching'ono ichi ndi matabwa a ma laser awiri.
Pamwamba pa subharmonic
Ma subharmonic spikes (solitons), kapena ma toni pafupipafupi pakati pa matabwa awiri a laser, omwe amawonetsa kusweka kwa nthawi yofananira ndikupanga makhiristo a nthawi. Dongosololi limapanga msampha wozungulira wa lattice wa solitons owoneka momwe mawonekedwe awo nthawi ndi nthawi amawonetsedwa.
Kusunga umphumphu wa dongosolo kutentha kwa firiji, gulu lidzagwiritsa ntchito chipika cha autoinjector, njira yomwe imatsimikizira kuti laser ya saline imakhala ndi mafupipafupi a kuwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosololi litha kuchotsedwa mu labu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zakumunda, makamaka pakuyezera nthawi, kuphatikiza mu makompyuta amtundu, kapena kuphunzira dziko lomwe.
"Pamene dongosolo lanu loyesera liri ndi kusinthanitsa mphamvu ndi malo ozungulira, kutaya ndi phokoso zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti ziwononge dongosolo lanthawi," Hossein Taheri, Marlan ndi Rosemary Bourns pulofesa wa zamagetsi ndi makompyuta ku UC Riverside ndi wolemba wamkulu wa phunziroli. "Pa nsanja yathu ya photonics, dongosololi limagwirizanitsa pakati pa kupindula ndi kutayika kuti apange ndi kusunga makristasi a nthawi."
