Tangoganizani kuti mawa mudzuka ndi nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa chinthu chodabwitsa: makina omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti agwire CO2 kuchokera mumlengalenga, ndikusintha kukhala zinthu zamoyo ndikutulutsa mpweya, ndipo zomwe zinati organic zinthu zimatenganso mawonekedwe. zomwe zingalole kubadwa kwa mthunzi wandiweyani womwe ungaziziritse danga lomwe latsalira pansi pa dongosololo, kuti lisatenthedwe. Makina omwe, kuwonjezera apo, moyo wake wothandiza ukatha, utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kumanga kapena kutenthetsa. Onsewo ndi otsika mtengo, ndi kukhazikika kwa zaka mazana ambiri, opanda njira zomwe zimawakonzera komanso ndi zofunikira zochepa, zomwe zimangokhala ndi madzi pang'ono.
Kodi sichingakhale chinthu chodabwitsa, chikuto cha manyuzipepala onse ndi kutsegulidwa kwa nkhani zonse? Zikanakhaladi choncho. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti chopanga ichi chilipo kale: chimatchedwa mtengo.
M'dziko lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lopanda nzeru, momwe zipangizo zamakono zimanyengerera kwamuyaya anthu ndi kupita patsogolo kwake kosakayikitsa, mitundu yathu imasonyeza kusaganizira bwino mwa kunyalanyaza mtengowo ngati imodzi mwa njira zathu zomwe tingathe polimbana ndi vuto la nyengo ndi mphamvu. Zikuoneka ngati sitingathe kuzindikira kapena kumvetsa luso laukadaulo lodabwitsa kwambiri lomwe mitengo ili nayo chifukwa cha chisinthiko cha zaka mamiliyoni ambiri.
M'mikhalidwe yamakono, yovutitsidwa ndi mafunde akuwotcha pafupipafupi omwe kulimba kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake kumawoneka mosakayikitsa kuti akugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2, sizomveka kuti sitigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zidapangidwa zomwe zimatchedwa mtengo womwe ungathe Momwe mungatengere CO2 ndikuchepetsa kutentha kuti mukhudze mdima?
M'madera omwe akuchulukirachulukira m'matauni monga Spain, momwe mizinda yathu ikuluikulu yawona momwe ukadaulo wazaka makumi angapo zapitazi waukira pafupifupi ngodya zonse zamayendedwe, kulumikizana, kumanga kapena kuyatsa, ndizosamvetsetseka kuti mitengo sinapezekepo, kukhala, mosiyana, nthawi zambiri amanyozedwa, kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi kuikidwa m'malo ocheperako.
M'madera otentha monga Spain, mwamtheradi poyera zotsatira za kutentha kuyambira kalekale ndipo makamaka lero ngati zolosera kusintha kwa nyengo akwaniritsidwa, tapanga khama lalikulu ndi zomveka m'zaka zaposachedwapa kuziziritsa nyumba, nyumba ndi magalimoto chachikulu yomweyo. kuziziritsa mkati mwa kutenthetsa kunja, koma komabe tanyalanyaza mitengo ngati njira yoziziritsira mizinda yathu, ngakhale yotsika mtengo komanso yopereka maubwino ena ambiri.
Komanso, pa nthawi imeneyi, ife amene nthawi zonse kuteteza kufunika kudzala mitengo mu unyinji ku Spain nthawi zambiri ananyalanyazidwa, pamene sanali kunyozedwa, ngati kuti tinali okondana anayi kapena mwachindunji capricious frivolous amene anaseka kuti mizinda yathu anali kuwononga ndalama mu. mitengo yaying'ono
Tsopano kuti aliyense akuwoneka kuti akutembenukira makutu awo ku nkhandwe, ndi thermometers mwamtheradi kuwomberedwa, ndi usiku wosapiririka m'mizinda yambiri ya ku Spain, ndi misewu yovuta komanso mabwalo osatha, odzaza ndi granite, asphalt ndi konkire popanda mthunzi pang'ono chifukwa cha kukhulupirira m’matauni n’kwachabechabe ndiponso kopanda thayo, chifukwa chakuti kufunika kobzala mitengo ndi kubiriwira m’mizinda yathu kuli—tsopano—kufuula kofala.
Munthu amadabwa kuti kudana ndi mtengo kumeneku kunatani pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Mwina chinali chisakanizo cha umbuli, kudzikuza, nthawi yochepa, ziphuphu - ntchito zapagulu nthawi zambiri zimadula zinthu zobzala ndi kukonza zolembedwa m'mapulojekiti, kupereka ndalamazo ku chindapusa zomwe sizinali zomveka nthawi zonse - komanso malingaliro ochepetsera ndalama. Ndi kangati tamva ndemanga zomvetsa chisoni za "ndiye muyenera kusesa masamba" kapena "muyenera kuzipereka"?
Masiku ano tikudziwa kuti zoopsa za "chilumba cha kutentha kwa m'tawuni", chomwe chimapangidwa usiku chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa masana ndi malo osasunthika omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri monga konkire, miyala kapena asphalt, yomwe imakwera mpaka Mu 5. madigiri kutentha kwa m'tawuni molingana ndi kumidzi komwe kumazungulira mzindawu, kumatha kuchepetsedwa popanga mithunzi ndi malo obiriwira kapena osayalidwa. Kusagona tulo usiku chifukwa cha kutentha kumatauni kumayambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo ndipo kumayambitsa imfa ndi matenda amthupi ndi amthupi omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kafukufuku wambiri. Kutentha kulikonse kumapangitsa kuti anthu azifa, makamaka m'madera omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri monga okalamba, omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa m'matauni omwe amaika ndalama zochepa m'madera obiriwira, nyumba zomwe zili ndi zowonongeka komanso zoyandikana nazo. Zonsezi osatchula kuopsa kwa ntchito za anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kunja kwa mizinda, ndi nkhani zachisoni komanso zaposachedwapa.
Choncho, tikukumana ndi vuto la thanzi la anthu. Masiku ano tikudziwa kuti phindu la mitengo m'dziko lathu limapitilira zomwe zimangokhala zokongola, zokongola kapena mawonekedwe - zomwe zikadakhala zambiri - koma kuti kupezeka kwake kumapulumutsa miyoyo ndikuteteza matenda. Kuwonjezera kuchepetsa kwambiri kutentha masana ndi usiku chifukwa cha mphamvu ya shading ndi evapotranspiration, panopa tikudziwa zambiri za maganizo a anthu amene amakhala m'madera ndi zomera, tikudziwa kuti khalidwe la mpweya. ndi wokwera kwambiri m'madera amitengo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo osati kungotulutsa dzimbiri ndikugwira CO2, komanso kulanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa, tikudziwa kuti amatha kuchepetsa phokoso la magalimoto potengera mafunde, tikudziwa kufunika kwawo kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. m'tawuni, makamaka mbalame zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kuchulukana, mwachitsanzo, udzudzu wolusa. Mizinda yokhala ndi mitengo imathanso kuletsa moyo wongokhala komanso kudzipatula kwa anthu komwe kutentha kumapangitsa kuti pasakhale madera obiriwira kapena ma alignments omwe amatchinga misewu ndi misewu, motero amalepheretsa kuwonjezeka kwa matenda monga kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda amtima.
Kupanga mizinda yathu kukhala moyo mtsogolo zimatengera zomwe tikuchita lero. Monga momwe zilili zachilendo kumva kuti "moto udzazima m'nyengo yozizira" ndi machitidwe olondola a nkhalango, tikhoza kunena kuti, poyang'anizana ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe chikubwera, kusintha ndi kuchepetsa m'mizinda yathu kudzaperekedwa ndi zomwe titha kuchita m'miyezi yotsalayo: kubzala mitengo yayikulu m'misewu, mabwalo, makwalala ndi mapaki - nthawi zonse kulabadira dongosolo lobzala mitengo kuti lisankhe bwino mitundu ndi malo obzala - ndikukonzanso malo omwe masiku ano ali ndi zoopsa. "hard urbanism" ya Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Zimenezi n’zofunika ponse paŵiri m’madera ndi m’madera ophatikizika a mizinda—kumene kudzakhala kofunika kutembenuza makilomita ambiri a zolakwa zimene zinachitidwa m’mbuyomo mwa kugaŵira mitengo yofunikira—kuyambitsa mapulani obzalidwanso mwamsanga ndi kukonzanso zinthu zatsopano, monga momwe zimakhalira m’matauni atsopano. , zomwe mwalamulo amatha kulingalira za mitengo yomwe ili m'mphepete mwawo, komanso khonde lokakamizidwa la madera obiriwira pagawo lililonse la mizinda. Pankhani iyi ya malo odziwika bwino omwe ali ofunikira kawiri, kusowa kwa ndondomeko zobzala mitengo ndi kukonzanso kwatsopano kwachititsa kuti pakhale mipiringidzo yambiri m'madera obiriwira, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zachuma achotsedwa. Izi zakulitsa chiwopsezo cha "chilumba chotentha cha m'tawuni" poyendetsa mahekitala ozungulira malowa komanso zapangitsa kuti m'malo akale kwambiri pakhale ngozi zakusokonekera kwa mzinda wonsewo chifukwa cha magawowa ndi lendi. . .
Mitengoyo mwina ikhala gawo lazofunikira zamatauni, monga zimbudzi, kuyatsa, misewu, phula kapena fiber Optics. Ndizodabwitsa kuti makhonsolo athu amizinda atengera njira zamadola miliyoni m'zaka zaposachedwa, monga kusintha magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a LED - china chake chofunikira - koma sakufuna kuyang'anizana ndi mabizinesi ofunitsitsa kuti mizinda yathu ikhale yobiriwira. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi malingaliro omvetsa chisoni akuyesera kuchepetsa ndalama kwakanthawi kochepa pochepetsa ndalama zamagetsi ndipo, m'malo mwake, kuganizira mitengo ngati ndalama, kuyiwala kuti kusowa kwa mitengo kuli ndi ndalama zazikulu zachuma: kutsika kwa mtengo. za nyumba m'madera oyandikana popanda madera obiriwira, ndalama zathanzi chifukwa cha zipatala zokhudzana ndi kutentha kapena kusokonezeka kwamaganizo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kusowa kwa zomera, ndalama zogwirira ntchito chifukwa cha tchuthi chodwala chochokera ku matendawa, kuchepa kwa ndalama zoyendera alendo m'miyezi yachilimwe m'mizinda yopanda mitengo. , kuchepa kwa ntchito zamalonda m'madera omwe ali ndi "makonzedwe ovuta a mizinda" m'nyengo yachilimwe, kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi m'nyumba zomwe zili m'madera opanda mdima ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu m'mizinda kapena m'madera omwe sanagwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yatsopanoyi.
Pomaliza, palibenso chofunikira, ndikofunikira kuti makhonsolo athu azitsogolere mwachitsanzo pobzala mizinda yaku Spain mwachangu, chifukwa pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe anthu, omwe amazolowera kumva ma alarm azovuta zanyengo pawailesi yakanema, amawona ma alarm awa ngati. quacker ngati sawona zomwe zili pafupi ndi zomwe zikuchitika mogwirizana ndi mauthenga omwe andale akumatauni akuluakulu amakhazikitsa tsiku lililonse. Ndi kudalirika kotani komwe anthu angapereke ku ma alarm awa ngati moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku ukuchitika m'mizinda yomwe ikupitilizabe kunyalanyaza mitengo ndi madera obiriwira ngati chinthu chofunikira pakutengera zochitika zatsopanozi ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake?
Pazimenezi, ndikuyembekeza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi kusintha kwakukulu kudzachitika m'mizinda ya Spanish momwe ubale ndi mitengo wakhala ukudziwika, kupanga mapulani odziwika bwino komanso ofulumira obzala ndi kubzala madera omwe aphatikizidwa kale ndikutsimikizira kuti Zotukuka zatsopano zamatauni zidawona mtengowo ngati maziko ofunikira komanso ovomerezeka akutauni.
Miyoyo yathu ili mmenemo.
ZA WOLEMBA
Eduardo SANCHEZ Butragueno
