LANDANI
Kusamalidwa bwino, nkhalango zathu ndi magwero a chuma chambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Kuyambira pamenepo iwo adzakhala ochuluka, chifukwa matekinoloje atsopano akutsegula njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo chuma cha nkhalango ndikupeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwachikhalidwe. Ndi izi, nkhalango zimatha kukhala mapapu enieni azachuma komanso zachilengedwe, kupereka moyo kwa anthu amderalo ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa anthu.
Pamodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa pomanga ndi mipando, zolemba ndi makatoni, kusonkhanitsa kwa seti, ecotourism ... zoyamba zatsopano zimawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, idapeza kale matabwa owoneka bwino omwe atha kukhala ofuna kulowa m'malo mwa magalasi ndi pulasitiki kapena matabwa osagwira ntchito monga kumanga nyumba zosanja zambiri.
Nsalu monga lyocell, zofanana ndi viscose, kuchokera ku eucalyptus ndi birch fibers, zimapangidwa ndi zimphona zazikulu za mafashoni monga Inditex ndi H & M. Ndi zinyalala zochokera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira matabwa, zidzatulutsa biomass yomwe imapereka kutentha kwa madera m'mizinda ina padziko lapansi. Transparent nanocellulose ikuyamba kudziwonetsera yokha ngakhale m'matupi agalimoto. Ili ndi kampani yaku Japan, Sumitomo Forestry mogwirizana ndi Yunivesite ya Kyoto, ikupanga zomwe zidzakhale ma satelayiti oyamba amatabwa padziko lapansi. Osatchulanso ndalama zokopa zomwe nkhalango zimakhala nazo monga zoyikira kaboni m'mabungwe akuluakulu zomwe zimayenera kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwawo mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Zotheka
Kuthekera kwamtsogolo kwa nkhalango zathu kumawoneka kosatha. "Zikuoneka kuti kuthekera kwa nkhalango ku Spain kungawirikiza kawiri kapena kuwirikiza katatu chuma ndi ntchito zomwe nkhalango zathu zimatulutsa tsopano," anatero Jesús Martínez, injiniya wa nkhalango ku bungwe loyang'anira nkhalango la FMC. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti malo ankhalango amakhala oposa theka la dziko lathu. Makamaka, 55%, malinga ndi National Forest Inventory. Ndipo malo okhala ndi matabwa ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawo lathu (29%).
Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a padziko la dziko lathu madera matabwa
Malo abwino oyambira kupanga mwayi watsopano wabizinesi mu zomwe zimatchedwa nkhalango ya bioeconomy, yomwe "amayesa kuyamikira ndikupereka mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zimachokera kunkhalango kuti zisinthe kukhala njira yokhazikika yazachuma," adatero Carmen Avilés. , pulofesa wa Business. Bungwe la Polytechnic University of Madrid. Bungweli limatenga nawo gawo limodzi ndi maulamuliro ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana mu Urban Forest Economy Laboratory (Urban Forest Innovation Lab). za chuma chathu m'nkhalango, tiyenera kuyesetsa kumanga chuma m'dera analukidwa mozungulira nkhalango Cuenca, umodzi wa mizinda European ndi dera lalikulu nkhalango: 55.000 mahekitala akuvutika ndi mitengo. "Kudzera mu zomwe nkhalangozi zimapanga, ngakhale njira zamabizinesi zomwe nthawi zina zimafunikira kafukufuku wowonjezera komanso zojambula zimalimbikitsidwa. Izi zimachitika mu labotale ya Polytechnic University of Madrid komanso ku Yunivesite ya Castilla-La Mancha”, akutero pulofesayo.
Choncho, pang'onopang'ono, pamodzi ndi makampani akuluakulu a matabwa a ku Spain, chifukwa nsalu yatsopano ya makampani opanga zinthu yakula mozungulira nkhalango zambiri, momwe zipangizo zamakono ndi kafukufuku zimagwirizananso. “Tsopano ndi zopezera ndalama ndi ntchito zatsopano zomwe zimalola nkhalango kusamalidwa bwino. Njira yatsopanoyi yogwiritsira ntchito nkhalango ndi yabwino chifukwa tilola kuti zinthu zamtengo wapatali zipangidwe ndikusamalira nkhalango, "anatero Francisco Dans, mkulu wa Galician Forestry Association. Ndi limodzi mwa mabungwe omwe amabweretsa pamodzi Confederation of Associations of Foresters of Spain (COSE). “Ndife eni nkhalango mamiliyoni awiri. Kupitilira 60% ya gawo la nkhalango ndi lachinsinsi ”, akuwonjezera.
Ntchito zatsopano
Wood ndiye mtsinje waukulu wa nkhalango. Ndi yokhazikika, yobwezeretsanso komanso yowola. "Ndi chida chanzeru. Cholinga chachikulu ndikupezerapo mwayi pachilichonse chamtengowo", amayamikira Dans. Chinachake chimene kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa. Kuphatikizikapo "pali zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe zatsogola kwambiri ndi matekinoloje atsopano, monga ma cross-laminated material (CLT) omwe amalola kupanga mapanelo, malo, makoma, mbale ... M'mbuyomu, matabwa ankangokhala m'nyumba za banja limodzi, nyumba za anthu ndi nyumba zamakampani," adatero Jesús Martínez. Chinthu chokhazikika chokhazikika chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon kuposa konkire yamakono.
Zotsalira za nkhalango palokha (nthambi, kudulira zotsalira, mitengo yopyapyala), pellets (zotsalira za utuchi wa agglomerated) ndi zotsalira za matabwa akusintha njira zimapereka mphamvu zatsopano zowonjezera mphamvu, kuwonjezera pakupanga kutentha ndi magetsi pakati pamagetsi a biomass. "Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu pyrolysis, biomass imasinthidwa kukhala biochar, biochar yokhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga mitsinje kapena potulutsiramo zimbudzi za m’fakitale,” anatero Juan Pedro Majada, mkulu wa Asturias Wood Forest Technology Center. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati feteleza wachilengedwe wobwezeretsa dothi lowonongeka chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
Ku Spain kuli eni nkhalango mamiliyoni awiri
Kumene chitukuko chachikulu chikufikiridwa ndicho kuchotsa zigawo za mankhwala m’zinthu za m’nkhalango zimene pambuyo pake zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’njira zina za mafakitale. "Mu biorefineries, musanapange phala la cellulose kapena kupanga ma pellets, amapeza zinthu zomwe zawonjezera phindu m'mafakitale ena monga zodzoladzola, chakudya ...", akuwonetsa Majada. "Pali chitukuko champhamvu kwambiri chamakampani opanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi ulusi wamatabwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi mafuta otumphukira," akutero Dans.
Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi utomoni womwe, pakati pa ntchito zake zambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosungunulira zachilengedwe, lacquers, zomatira, zomatira, zomatira, utoto, vanishi, ngakhale kutafuna chingamu. Komanso lignin, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mitengo ikhale yolimba.” Ndi imodzi mwa ma polima achilengedwe ochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito munsalu, kusakaniza ndi mapulasitiki ndikupeza zinthu zolimba kwambiri, pansi, mipando ... ", akuwonjezera Martínez.
chosintha
Transparent nanocellulose watchedwa kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu makampani. Amachokera ku cellulose yamatabwa. Ndiwopepuka, wokhala ndi mulingo wambiri wokana komanso wosawonongeka. “Chiwerengero cha mapempho omwe akufufuzidwa ndi nkhaniyi ndi yayikulu. Kwa zowonera zosinthika zamafoni ndi kanema wawayilesi, za mipando, zogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu mpweya, mabandeji ndi ma valve a mtima.
'Boom' ilinso pamsika wa carbon. Mitengo yamitengo imakonza C02. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono amagula ufulu wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kwa eni nkhalango, njira yochotsera mpweya wawo wa carbon pamene sangathenso kuchepetsa mpweya wawo wowonjezera kutentha. Palinso “makampani opanga ndalama ndi makampani akuluakulu omwe apanga uinjiniya pofunafuna malo oti amere nkhalango,” akutero Majada, monga minda yosiyidwa, malo akale aulimi, madera otenthedwa...
Nkhalango ndi mwayi umene suyenera kuphonya, chifukwa ngati zachilengedwezi sizikuyendetsedwa, komanso ntchito yofunikira kuti ikhale yathanzi (yomwe imadziwika kuti nkhalango) imachitika, imasowa. "Kusiyidwa m'madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zodziunjikira m'mapiri kumayambitsa ngozi ya moto," akutero Dans. Koma kusintha kwa nyengo kulinso ndi zotsatirapo zake. "Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka mvula kumafooketsa mitengo." Chifukwa chake kufunikira kokhala ndi mayendedwe oyenera a nkhalango, kuyambira kudula mitengo yopanda thanzi mpaka kudzazanso mitundu yamitundu yosinthika yomwe imalimbana ndi matenda ndikusintha kuti igwirizane ndi nyengo yapano ndi yamtsogolo.
