Mu 'La violoncellista', buku laposachedwa lofalitsidwa ku Spain ndi Daniel Silva, wodziwa zamatsenga padziko lonse lapansi, amadzitchula yekha ku gulu la Wagner, gulu lankhondo lachi Russia lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi cholinga, mwachiwonekere, kulamulira ena 'rare earths'. Zina mwa zifukwa za kuukiridwa kwa Ukraine ndi nkhokwe zambiri za lifiyamu zomwe zasungidwa mu subsoil yake, chinthu chodziwika bwino mu chuma chatsopano ... Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko kwachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kasanu ndi katatu kwa mowa. zitsulo
Zambiri: pa London Metal Exchange, mtengo wa nickel wawirikiza kanayi, ndipo zofanana ndi zomwe zachitika ndi palladium.
Platinamu, rhodium, cobalt, beryllium, borate, niobium, tantalum ... osadziwika kwa anthu onse, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: mafoni a m'manja, minda yamphepo, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi zina zotero. M'nkhaniyi, China amalamulira, malinga ndi US Geological Survey, 60% ya 'rare earths padziko lapansi' ndipo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa yunivesite ya Belgian (KU Leuven), Europe akhoza kuvutika, kuzungulira 2030 , kusowa kwapadziko lonse lapansi. zazitsulo monga lithiamu, cobalt, faifi tambala, 'rare earths' ndi mkuwa.
Cholinga 2030
EU imadalira kwambiri zinthu zochokera kunja monga cobalt (86%); lithiamu ndi 'rare earths' (pa 100%), aluminium, faifi tambala ndi mkuwa kuchokera ku Russia, etc. Chifukwa ili ndi malire ake a geological, EU iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zosiyanitsira komanso zosasokonekera zopezeka m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikusintha kofunikira ngati magwero atsopano opezeka m'deralo akuyenera kupezedwa ndi chitetezo chambiri komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. . Osachepera, kafukufuku wa yunivesite ya Belgian amapeza kuti migodi yatsopano ya dziko imaphimba pakati pa 5% ndi 55% ya zosowa zawo zachitsulo pofika chaka cha 2030, ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu ochotsa lifiyamu ndi 'osowa dziko lapansi'.
Kufunika kwazitsulo zoyamba ku EU kudzafika pamtunda wa 2040. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kubwezeretsanso kumatchulidwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zingathandize kukwaniritsa kudzidalira kwakukulu komanso chitetezo chachitetezo, chomwe chimalimbikitsa ndalama zazikulu muzomangamanga. Tikakamba za kasamalidwe ka Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), kafukufuku wa Global E-Waste Monitor 2020 wa United Nations, akuwonetsa momwe mu 2019 mbiri yakutulutsa zinyalala zapadziko lonse lapansi idafikiridwa ndi matani 53,6 miliyoni, 21% zambiri m'zaka zisanu basi… koma kuyerekezera zikusonyeza kuti kuyerekezera ndi mozungulira 57.000 miliyoni madola mu zipangizo recoverable, pafupi ndi GDP pachaka Slovenia kapena Lithuania.
Ndondomeko ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala ndizofunikira, nthawi zomwe zingatanthauze mwayi kwamakampani ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zaukadaulo watsopano zimalimbikitsanso ntchito yaukadaulo ya kasamalidwe koyenera kwa WEEE ndi 'migodi ya m'matauni', mkati mwa njira za ku Europe ndi zadziko zotukula chuma chozungulira. Mliriwu wathetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kuntchito komanso kunyumba.
Ngati kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kale kunali kovuta kwa EU yonse, yomwe Ecolec Foundation yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, tsopano yakhala chinthu chofulumira mu nthawi za 4Rs: Recycle, Reuse, Rece and Repair, mogwirizana ndi Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika za Agenda ya 2030.
Ecolec Foundation, yomwe idapangidwa mu 2004 ndi National Association of White Line Appliance Manufacturers and Importers (Anfel) ndi Spanish Association of Small Appliance Manufacturers (FAPE), imayang'anira pafupifupi matani 125.000 a zinyalala zamtunduwu ku Spain mu 2021, 8% yochulukirapo. pafupifupi poyerekeza ndi 2020 (21% m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri). Ndi SCRAP yokhayo (Collective System for Extended Product Responsibility) yomwe imatha kupitilira matani 100.000 pazaka zisanu, ngakhale mliriwu komanso zochitika zapadera m'mbali zonse.
zobwerera zatsopano
Palibe chifukwa chopumula pakuyesetsako, popeza zovuta zatsopano zimabuka, monga kukwera kwa malonda kudzera pa intaneti (20% ya chiwerengero chonse ku Spain mu 2019, 33% mu 2021), ndi zomwe izi zikutanthauza kusonkhanitsa, kasamalidwe. ndi kubwezeretsanso. Ndipo kuwonjezera pa zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kuchepa kwa zipangizo zopangira komanso zovuta kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera ku chilengedwe kupanga zipangizo zatsopano, pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zikupitiriza kuwonjezeka kuti, pamapeto a ntchito yawo, zidzafotokozedwa mu 'migodi ya m'tawuni' zazaka za zana la XNUMX.
Kubwezeretsanso bwino kwa zinyalala za chipangizo chamagetsizi kungapangitse kuti zitheke kupanga zida zatsopano ndipo motero kulimbikitsa chitsanzo cha Circular Economy, kupangidwa kwa zomera zatsopano zobwezeretsanso ndi kupititsa patsogolo njira zamakono zamakono, ndi zopindulitsa zosakayikitsa zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pansi, Fundación Ecolec adakwanitsa, ku Spain kokha, 31.705.932 kg. ya zinyalala za mufiriji mchaka cha 2021, pomwe idaloledwa kubweza matani 902 a aluminiyamu, 175 a kaboni, 12,8 azitsulo zachitsulo ndi 129 zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Zothandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa dziko lokhazikika.
