LANDANI
Beatriz Madrigal ali ndi zaka 26. Amagwira ntchito, amaphunzira digiri ya masters ndipo ali ndi digiri iwiri mu Sociology and Political Science. Anathera zaka ziŵiri pa Erasmus, kamodzi ku Germany ndipo kamodzi ku Argentina, kuti awonjezere maphunziro ake. “Ndakhala wotopa kwambiri kuyambira ndili mwana. Ndakhala ndikuphunzira zambiri, "adatero ABC akuseka. Nkhani yake, yonenedwa motere, ndiyofala kwambiri. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti mtsikanayo saona 3%: ali ndi vuto losaona. N’zoona kuti sanyamula ndodo kapena magalasi.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 'Maphunziro a ophunzira aku yunivesite olumala ku Spain', opangidwa ndi ONCE Foundation, ophunzirawa adapeza magiredi ofanana ndi a malo odyera achinyamata, ngakhale kuti zosowa zawo "zimanyalanyazidwa nthawi zambiri".
M'mawu ena, palibe kusiyana m'makalasi omwe adapeza pamayeso omwe amawatenga, omwe ofufuzawo adawafotokozera kuti ndi omwe apambana, omwe ali m'maphunziro a digiri yoyamba pakati pa ophunzira aku yunivesite olumala, pomwe a ophunzira opanda olumala ochokera kumodzi. mapulogalamu ali pa 86.7. Pankhani ya maphunziro a masters, mphambu ndi 97,1 ndi 98,1, motsatana.
"Mavuto a ophunzirawa amadza pamene alibe zofunikira ndi kusintha," anafotokoza Isabel Martínez Lozano, mkulu wa Programs ndi Universities ndi Kukwezeleza Young Talent ku ONCE Foundation, amene akupempha mwamsanga kuganizira zofunika. a achinyamatawa, amene molimbika mtima amayesetsa kuti asatayike mosasamala kanthu za zopinga zosaŵerengeka zimene amakumana nazo. "Kwa iwo, kupita ku yunivesite kumapitirira kuposa kukhoza mayeso kapena kupeza chidziwitso: kumawathandiza kukhala odzilamulira ndi kupitiriza kukula m'moyo wawo," akukumbukira.
UNESCO, mu 2020, idachenjeza kale kuti Spain ilibe maphunziro ophatikiza. "Pali zoperewera zazikulu ponena za kuchuluka kwa njira zophunzitsira zomwe zalimbikitsidwa kuti zisinthidwe pa digito," akutero Martínez Lozano. "Ndiko kunena kuti, palibe njira zophunzitsira zophatikizira. Ngakhalenso kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apadziko lonse lapansi pophunzirira. Pali zosintha zokha. Tayika zopinga m'dziko lanyama koma milatho yomweyi yopita ku chidziwitso sinayike. Ndipo tsogolo limachitika ndendende chifukwa timatha kuphunzitsa munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mikhalidwe yake”.
zopinga
Mwachitsanzo, Beatriz ankakwiya akakumana ndi zinthu zosaneneka. Mu 3rd ESO, mphunzitsi wa masamu anauza mphunzitsi wa ONCE kuti sangalowe m'kalasi. "Anayenera kukhala ndi ine, ndiye dzanja langa lamanja, thandizo langa, chifukwa sindikuwona bolodi. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ine kuwona zomwe ndikuphunzira, kulemba zolemba, ndi zina. ndiye kuti udzandithandiza pambuyo pake.” Ku koleji, mphunzitsi wina adamufunsa kuti akhale ndi nthawi yochulukirapo 50% yolemba mayeso. “Ndipo anandiuza pamaso pa kalasi yonse. Tangoganizani momwe ndidamvera! Vuto lina lomwe wakumana nalo kangapo m’mayeso ndi lakuti aphunzitsi amaiwala kuti ali nawo ndipo sangamupatse mayesowo papepala. Ayenera kundipatsa ine pa USB kuti ndizitha kuwerenga ndi galasi lokulitsa la pakompyuta. Amachenjezedwa mu nthawi yochuluka koma oposa mmodzi sanavomereze ndipo pamwamba pake anakwiya chifukwa kalasi yonse inali yopuwala. Ndipo mumachita mantha? nkhawa yanga? Ine pamenepo pakati, pokhala pakati pa chidwi, anzanga akusukulu akundidikirira osakhoza kuyamba mayeso. Izi sizikuganiziridwa pakuwunika”, akukumbukira mtsikanayo.
Pazifukwa zonsezi, Martínez Lozano akukumbukira kuti “maphunziro ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa anthu olumala. Koma zili m’gawo lomaliza, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 16, pamene sizikukakamizidwa, zoipitsitsa chifukwa aphunzitsi amamva kuti sakakamizidwa kuchita kalikonse. Milandu yathu imachokera kwa achinyamata omwe amakanidwa kusintha kalasi kupita kuchipinda choyamba chifukwa akuyenda panjinga za olumala ndipo kusukulu kulibe chikepe. Ndipo akuyenera kusintha sukulu. Aphunzitsi omwe amamvetsetsa kuti alibe udindo wopereka chithandizo chosiyana kapena kusintha… Pali kusowa kwa maphunziro a aphunzitsi”.
Isabel Martínez Lozano mu ofesi ya ONCE Foundation - Tania Sieira
Komabe, ku koleji, ophunzira nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino. "Zimandichititsa chizungulire kuganizira za iye chifukwa cha momwe zinthu zakhalira koma, ngakhale zili zonse, ndipamene iwo ali bwino - akutero mkulu wa ONCE Foundation-. Ngakhale pali zoperewera zonse, yunivesiteyo ikudziwa zambiri ndipo ili ndi ntchito zothandizira olumala. "
“Timalandira milandu ya achinyamata omwe amakanizidwa kusintha makalasi kupita pansanjika yoyamba chifukwa amayenda pa njinga za olumala ndipo pasukulupo mulibe chikepe. Ndipo akuyenera kusintha sukulu. Aphunzitsi omwe amamvetsetsa kuti alibe udindo wopereka chithandizo chosiyana kapena kusintha… Pali kusowa kwa maphunziro a aphunzitsi”.
Ophunzira ambiri olumala amasankha UNED, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, chifukwa imawapatsa mwayi wosintha. "Zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mayunivesite akumaso ndi maso sakupereka mwayi wonse womwe ophunzira ambiri amafunikira," akutero Martínez Lozano, yemwe amafuna kuti mayunivesite azikhala ndi 100%.
“Palinso zopinga ndi mantha,” iye akuwonjezera motero, pamene achichepere ambiri amakayikira kuthekera kwawo kophunzira kaamba ka digiri ya bachelor kapena masters. Banja limakhudzanso ntchito ya wophunzirayo olumala. Martínez Lozano anati: “Si nthawi zonse sathandiza mokwanira ana awo chifukwa chowateteza kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, popanda kuwalimbikitsa kuti akule.
Komabe ku Beatriz, makolo ake ndi mlongo wake akhala akumuthandiza. Mochuluka kwambiri moti anakhala zaka ziwiri ku Germany ndi Argentina pa Erasmus, ndi thandizo lochokera ku Fundación KAMODZI. "Ndalama ndi maphunziro a ophunzirawa zimakhudza kwambiri. Mavuto ambiri omwe amakumana nawo amabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu”, akutero woyang’anira, yemwenso amakumbukira kuti mtengo wa moyo wa munthu olumala ndi wokwera mtengo ndi 30%. “Ngati zinthu ziperekedwa, anthu amapita patsogolo. Masiku ano ophunzira oposa 100 a Erasmus olumala akuchoka”.
Okalamba ndi zaka zambiri za maphunziro
Choncho, nchiyani chimasiyanitsa wophunzira waku yunivesite wolumala? Malinga ndi lipotilo, pazaka zomwe amapeza maphunziro apamwamba komanso nthawi yomwe amawamaliza: zaka zawo zapakati ndizokwera kwambiri, zaka 31 mu digiri ndi 37 mu masters, poyerekeza ndi zaka 22 ndi 28, motsatana, gulu la ophunzira. Amaperekanso, monga ophunzira ambiri, kusiyana malinga ndi kugonana.
"Njira zopezera anthu olumala ndizowonjezereka chifukwa cha zopinga zomwe ali nazo panjira komanso chifukwa cha kulumala kwawo komwe kumawapangitsa kuti asiye m'miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha thanzi, ntchito, ndi zina zotero.", adalongosola mtsogoleri wa ONCE. «Ndipo kusiyana kwa jenda komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kulemala kumakhala vuto -kupitilira- chifukwa chosowa chikhulupiriro m'banja komanso chilengedwe chomwe angakhale akatswiri. Monga momwe palibe amene anganene kuti mtsikana wakhungu kapena mtsikana wapanjinga wa olumala adzakhala mayi. Kukondera pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kulipo: amayi olumala samakhulupirira kuti ndi akatswiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti akuwongolera posachedwa.
Zina mwazolinga za Fundación ONCE ndi kutsimikizira kuti achinyamatawa ali ndi mwayi wophatikizidwa ndi ntchito. "Maphunziro ndi maphunziro ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo," akutero Martínez Lozano. Pachifukwa ichi, bungweli lili ndi pulogalamu ya internship yomwe imathandizira kulumikizana koyamba ndikulimbikitsa ophunzira pakusaka kwawo ntchito yoyenerera.
"Tili ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu - akufotokoza manejala wa ONCE Foundation-. Choyamba ndi chakuti ndi ochepa amene amagwira ntchito. Sitingakhale ndi msinkhu woterewu chifukwa ndi wosakhazikika m'dongosolo lamakono: ndi munthu mmodzi yekha mwa anthu atatu olumala amene amagwira ntchito. Ndipo, chachiwiri, amakonda kupeza kusiyana kwa ntchito zotsika komanso m'magawo omwe ntchito zambiri zidzawonongedwa zaka 1 zikubwerazi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa digito. Vuto lathu ndiloti amapita ku yunivesite ndipo ali ndi mwayi. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani akuyenera kusintha malingaliro awo ndikupangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi nkhani zawo zapagulu chifukwa chowonadi ndichakuti injiniya wolumala samawoneka ngati injiniya wopanda chilema. Ndipo ngakhale zochepa ngati kulumala kwawo kumawonekera.
Pachifukwa ichi, kafukufukuyu akupempha mayunivesite kuti aphatikizepo mu malangizo awo ndi njira zolembera ophunzira kuti athe kulimbikitsa mwayi kwa ophunzira olumala kupita ku maphunziro apamwamba, popeza kupezeka kwawo pa ntchitoyi kudakali kochepa, komanso kuti akhale ndi mayeso oyenerera kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zawo. , kuwonjezera pa dongosolo losavuta la maphunziro.
ONCE Foundation ikuwonanso kuti kuti mukhale ndi zizindikiro zonse zoyenera pa maphunziro a ophunzira aku yunivesite omwe ali ndi zilema, ndikofunikira kuphatikizira kusintha kwa olumala, kolembedwa mofanana, mu ziwerengero za Integrated University Information System (SIU). za mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa olumala komanso, momwe zingathere, za chisamaliro cholandiridwa ndi ntchito zothandizira ophunzira. "Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zolephera ndikuwongolera," akumaliza motero woyang'anira.
EVAU yoyimitsidwa pakusinthidwa
Ophunzira olumala amapita ku yunivesite makamaka kudzera mu EBAU, malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi ONCE Foundation. Pazifukwa izi, bungweli likupempha kuti mayesowo asinthe "ndondomeko, mawonekedwe ndi nthawi" kuti ophunzira olumala athe kulipeza "mumikhalidwe yomweyi".
Mtsogoleri wa Mapulogalamu ndi Maunivesite ndi Kukwezeleza kwa Achinyamata Talent a ONCE Foundation, Isabel Martínez Lozano, akuvomereza kuti "ayenera kukhala ndi zosinthika zawo zotsimikiziridwa" koma "pali chirichonse ndipo ndizovuta".
Mwachitsanzo, anthu osamva amavutika kwambiri. Malinga ndi maganizo a owunika, kulembedwa molakwika ndi komwe tonse timadziwa koma kwa munthu wosamva, sikufanana. Zimawavuta kuti asasowe kalembedwe chifukwa njira yawo yolankhulirana ndi yosiyana. Pali zilango zomwe sizimveka. Amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lambiri, omwe sangathe kukhala nthawi yayitali ndikulemba mayeso osasuntha. Makhalidwe amtunduwu samaganiziridwa pamayeso omwe sangasinthe, pomwe kuwunika ndi machitidwe akuyenera kukhala osinthika ndikukonzekera gulu la ophunzira losiyanasiyana chifukwa anthu ali chonchi”.
