Luntha lochita kupanga lochokera ku DeepMind, kampani ya Google, yaneneratu bwino za kapangidwe ka mapuloteni 200 miliyoni, pafupifupi onse odziwika ndi sayansi. Deta imeneyi, yomwe imapezeka kwaulere kwa aliyense, ndiyofunikira kuti timvetsetse biology ya zamoyo zonse zapadziko lapansi ndipo imatha kuyendetsa chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano kapena matekinoloje olimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki kapena kukana kwa maantibayotiki.
Mapuloteni ndi zitsulo zomanga za moyo. Wopangidwa ndi maunyolo a amino acid, opindika m'mawonekedwe athunthu, mawonekedwe a 3D omwe amatsimikizira ntchito yawo. Kudziwa pindani puloteni kunatilola kuyesa kumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imakhalira, yomwe yakhala imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za biology kwa zaka zoposa zisanu.
Chaka chatha, DeepMind idadabwitsa gulu la asayansi potulutsa code ya AlphaFold. Mapuloteni miliyoni, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni onse m'thupi la munthu, amapezeka m'malo osungirako zinthu omwe amamangidwa pamodzi ndi European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), bungwe lofufuza padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupezako kunasintha biology ndi mankhwala mpaka kalekale. M'mphindi zochepa komanso molondola kwambiri, ochita kafukufuku adatha kupeza chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, za mapuloteni omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ntchitoyi idazindikiridwa ndi magazini ya "Sayansi" ngati kafukufuku wofunikira kwambiri wasayansi pachaka.
Kusowa kwa chakudya komanso matenda
Kusintha kwatsopano ndi mapuloteni a 200 miliyoni, kuthamanga kwakukulu kuchokera ku mphero yoyamba, kumaphatikizapo mapangidwe a zomera, mabakiteriya, zinyama, ndi zamoyo zina zambiri, zomwe zimatsegula mwayi waukulu wa AlphaFold kuti akhudzidwe pazinthu zofunika monga kukhazikika, mafuta. , kusowa kwa chakudya ndi matenda onyalanyazidwa, "akutero British Demis Hassabis, woyambitsa ndi CEO wa DeepMind, imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu ofufuza zanzeru padziko lonse lapansi. Anapatsidwa mphoto chaka chino ndi Mphotho ya Mfumukazi ya Asturias ya Sayansi ndi Zofufuza Zaumisiri, Hassabis, yemwe anali mwana wochita masewera a chess komanso wopanga masewera apakompyuta, amakhulupirira kuti asayansi angagwiritse ntchito zomwe apeza kuti amvetse bwino matenda ndikufulumizitsa luso lopeza mankhwala osokoneza bongo. ndi biology.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2020, ofufuza opitilira 500 ochokera m'maiko 000 apeza AlphaFold pazinthu zopitilira 190 miliyoni. Agwiritsa ntchito, mwa zina, kuti apeze mapuloteni omwe amakhudza thanzi la njuchi ndikutulutsa katemera wogwira mtima ku malungo. M'mwezi wa Meyi, ofufuza otsogozedwa ndi Oxford University adalengeza kuti adagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuti athandizire kudziwa momwe mapuloteni ofunikira a malungo amapangidwira ndikutsimikizira kuti ma anticoagulants amatha kuletsa kufala kwa tizilombo.
nyukiliya pores
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwina kwabwino kwa AlphaFold kuyika pamodzi nyukiliya pore complex, imodzi mwa biology yodabwitsa kwambiri ya diabolical. Kapangidwe kameneka kali ndi mazana a zigawo za mapuloteni ndipo amalamulira chirichonse chimene chimalowa ndi kutuluka mu nyukiliyasi ya selo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polimbana ndi matenda monga leishmaniasis ndi matenda a Chagas, omwe amakhudza mopanda malire anthu a m'madera osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi, kapena khate ndi likodzo, matenda oopsa komanso osatha omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mphutsi za parasitic. anthu mabiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Chidacho chidzapulumutsa ofufuza nthawi yochuluka, m'pofunika kufotokozera mapangidwe a mapuloteni ndi ntchito yovuta. "AlphaFold ndikupita patsogolo kwapadera komanso kofunikira mu sayansi ya moyo yomwe ikuwonetsa mphamvu ya AI. Kuzindikira mawonekedwe a 3D a mapuloteni omwe ankatenga miyezi kapena zaka zambiri, tsopano zimatenga masekondi, "anatero Eric Topol, woyambitsa ndi mkulu wa Scripps Research Institute. Hassabis adafanizira ndi chinthu chosavuta monga kusaka kwa Google.
Per Jesús Pérez Gil, Pulofesa wa Molecular Biology and Biochemistry ku Complutense University of Madrid, zolosera za AlphaFold zikuwonetsa "kusintha kwakukulu" pakufufuza kwake. Kudalirika kwa luntha lochita kupanga «kwakhala kochititsa chidwi mpaka pano, bwino kwambiri kuposa momwe tingaganizire. Ndizodabwitsa kuti zambiri mwazinthu izi zimafanana kwambiri zikawonedwa moyeserera, "adavomereza. Wofufuzayo amakumbutsa kuti izi ndizofanana, ndipo zonse ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro oyesera. Chotsatira sichingakhale kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, komanso kuzindikira momwe amasinthira akamalumikizana kapena ndi mamolekyu ena.
"Mapuloteni ndi omwe amagwira ntchito zambiri m'maselo ndi minofu. Kudziwa momwe amapangidwira komanso momwe amachitira akamalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kapena ndi mamolekyu ena kudzatithandiza kukhala ndi zolinga zochiritsira zamankhwala, kufunafuna biotechnological kapena mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito m'makampani azakudya, njira zamafakitale kapena kusungitsa chilengedwe ", akuwonetsa Pérez Gil. .
