LANDANI
Kuchokera ku mkaka kupita kumagalimoto omwe amadutsa mumadzi osambira kupita ku zitsanzo zina zakutali monga positi ya maenvulopu a mapepala kapena ma cookie ndi masiwiti mu XNUMXs. Ku Spain kuli mabungwe amalonda omwe amakhudza mwachindunji ogula kudzera pamitengo yopikisana yomwe imayambitsa mapangano achinyengo pakati pa makampani ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Izi ndi mapangano achinsinsi ndi oletsedwa pakati pa makampani angapo, omwe, m'malo mopikisana wina ndi mzake, amaika mitengo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka komwe kumapangidwa ndi aliyense kapena kugawana magawo amsika. Kubera kungaphatikizepo kuyika mabidi achinyengo m'matenda aboma kapena kugawana zambiri zamitengo yamtsogolo, pakati pa machitidwe ena oletsa kupikisana.
Pakalipano, pali milandu ingapo yogwira ntchito yodzinenera, monga kutayika kapena mkaka wa mkaka. Albert Poch, loya wochokera ku ofesi ya Redi, adalongosola kuti izi zavulaza ogula chifukwa mitengo yomaliza yogulitsa kwa anthu ikusowa kapena chifukwa cha ubwino kapena ntchito zomwe zikukhudzidwa zachepetsedwa. Poch amadzudzulanso kuti mabizinesi akugwirabe ntchito chifukwa "ndiodula kwambiri" komanso kuti zilango zomaliza sizikhala ndi chindapusa chokwera kwambiri. "Iwo sakukhumudwitsa," akutero Poch, yemwe amakumbukira kuti nzika zili ndi ufulu wopempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha zowonongeka.
"Ma Cartels amaletsa mpikisano waulere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupeza katundu ndi ntchito zochepa chifukwa kutsatsa kumaletsedwa kapena kuletsedwa ndi makampani omwe satenga nawo gawo mu cartel. pokhala ndi malire amsika, mtengo umakwera chifukwa chakuti katundu wosowa nthawi zonse amakhala okwera mtengo kapena chifukwa chakuti otenga nawo mbali amavomereza mwachindunji kuti akonze mitengoyo ", akumasulira, kumbali yake, Almudena Velázquez, mkulu wa zamalamulo ku Reclamador.
Pankhani ya magalimoto, cartel ya opanga makochi imakhala ndi gulu la opanga magalimoto ndi ogulitsa omwe amasinthanitsa zidziwitso zamalonda kuti apeze ndalama zambiri polipira ogula. Pakati pa Epulo 20 ndi Disembala 1, 2021, Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linapereka zigamulo 13 zotsimikizira chindapusa chomwe Mpikisanowo unapereka kwa makampani angapo omwe adatenga nawo gawo.
Malo ozungulira ndi mamiliyoni asanu ndi awiri pakati pa anthu - malinga ndi kuwerengetsera kwa Redi- ndipo makampani omwe adagula galimoto yatsopano pakati pa mwezi wa February 2006 mpaka August 2013 mwa mitundu pafupifupi 30 yovomerezeka ali ndi ufulu wopempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha mtengo wowonjezereka womwe unaperekedwa. "Aliyense amene adagula galimoto yomwe yawonongeka ndi cartel atha kunena, posatengera momwe galimotoyo ilili kapena ayi. M'malo mwake, tikulimbikitsa onse omwe avulazidwa ndi cartel kuti alowe nawo pa Marichi 31 asanakwane ”, adalangiza Andoni De la Llosa, mnzake ku Redi Abogados komanso wolankhulira za Malipiro a Galimoto. De la Llosa amaumirira kuti invoice yogula iyenera kuperekedwa, komanso mgwirizano kapena msonkho wolembetsa.
Tito Álvarez, wogwirizira komanso wolankhulira wa Elite Taxi Barcelona ndi Taxi Project, adafotokoza kuti kudzera mwa Redi Abogados adapeza kuti oyendetsa taxi adalipira mailosi ambiri pogula galimoto. "Ku Spain kuli oyendetsa taxi odziyimira pawokha okwana 68.000 ndipo munthawi ino afananiza magalimoto ambiri. Ndilibe chiwerengero chenicheni cha omwe akhudzidwa, koma oyendetsa taxi opitilira 3.000 adalembetsa kale, ”adatero Álvarez. Pachifukwa ichi, zikusonyeza kuti akuyembekeza kuchira pakati pa 10 kapena 15% ya ndalama zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa pa nkhupakupa kuphatikizapo omwe akuchedwa omwe akhala akuchuluka m'zaka izi. "Ndi zamanyazi kuti akupitiriza kugwirizana pamitengo m'dziko lathu chifukwa poipa kwambiri, ndalama zocheperapo zimabwezedwa kusiyana ndi zomwe poyamba zinaikidwa ngati chilango," akuwonjezera mkulu wa bungwe la Elite Taxi Barcelona.
Zabwino kwa makampani a mkaka
Wina wa ziwembu zomwe zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa opanga omwe adakhudzidwa komanso nkhani zawo zofalitsa nkhani zinali mkaka. Kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2013, ogula mkaka akuluakulu adagwirizana kuti apeze ndalama zotsika mtengo, motero amachepetsa mwayi wokambirana ndi alimi. Koma, mu Julayi 2019, National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) idalamula makampani akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu a mkaka ndi mabungwe awiri am'magawo awiri ndi chindapusa cha mayuro 80,6 miliyoni posintha mitengo yogula kutsika. Njira zoletsa kupikisana ndi kugawana uthenga, m'mayiko ndi m'madera, mitengo yogulira mkaka wa ng'ombe, kugula mkaka wambiri wa alimi ndi mkaka wowonjezera. Chidziwitsochi chinalola kampaniyo kusintha khalidwe lake ndikupewa kupereka mitengo yapamwamba ndi malonda kwa makontrakitala, pokhapokha ngati mpikisano uli wochepa, popanda kudandaula ndi CNMC. “Oweta ziweto tsopano ali ndi ufulu wopempha kuti apereke chipukuta misozi kumakampani omwe amayang’anira cartel, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi ndalama zomwe sadzalandiranso,” adatero Poch.
Mmodzi mwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi mchitidwewu motsutsana ndi mpikisano waulere ndi Elíseo Cebreiro, wolima ku Ferrol, yemwe amatsutsa kuti, ngakhale kuti pali chindapusa cha Mpikisano, machitidwewa akupitilirabe lero. "Amatibweretsera mapangano ndipo amakulipirani mtengo, womwe muyenera kusaina inde kapena inde. Simungasinthe makampani chifukwa amavomereza ndipo tilibe mphamvu. Zikupitilira pano ndipo zatsala pang'ono kuipiraipira: tikudzinamiza, koma tilibe njira ina, "adavomereza. Sober ngati mtengowu ukukhudza kwambiri basket yogula, Cebreiro akutsimikizira kuti ogula sawonekera chifukwa makampani omwe amagawa nawonso amafinya makampani akuluakulu a mkaka.
Kwa iye, wolankhulira Facua, Rubén Sánchez, akukumbukira zomwe zinachitika ndi galimoto yosambira ya gel osamba yomwe inapangidwa mu 2005 ndipo kupyolera mwa makampani ambiri opanga zinthu adagwirizana kuti achepetse kulongedza kuti agulitse zochepa zochepa pamtengo womwewo. Anati kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo kunatheka pogulitsa mankhwala mu vase yaing'ono, koma momwe mtengo womwewo umaperekedwa pa maalumali. Chifukwa cha izi, Sánchez adafuna kuti akhwimitse ndondomeko ya zilango kuti makampani asaganize kuti amawalipira kuti atenge chiopsezo chophwanya lamulo. “Pankhani ya zinthu zodula kwambiri, monganso momwe zimakhalira ndi magalimoto, m’pomveka kuti amapangidwa akafuna. Koma, nthawi zina, monga za ma gels osambira, ogula sapita kukhoti kukapempha masenti pang'ono ndipo alibe ngakhale nkhupakupa zogula, "akutero wolengeza ku Facua.
Njira zopezera chipukuta misozi
Ndondomekoyi imayamba ndi mlandu wakunja pofuna kuyesa kuthetsa mkanganowo poletsa kupita kukhoti. Koma, zochitika zimasonyeza kuti "makampani omwe amatenga nawo mbali m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amazengereza kuvomereza mgwirizanowu ndikukakamiza kuti apereke milandu," akutero loya Almudena Velázquez. "Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mawu oti awapange amatha kukhala chaka chimodzi kapena zisanu, kutengera nthawi yomwe cartel idapangidwa," akuwonjezera. Nthawi yochepayi imayamba kuwerengera kuyambira nthawi yomwe wokhudzidwayo amadziwa osati kokha kukhalapo kwa cartel, koma makhalidwe ake onse, kotero kuti nthawi yochepetsera ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri pamtundu woterewu.
"Makhothi oyenerera ndi omwe amagulitsa malonda ndipo ngakhale akuganiza kuti pali zowonongeka, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa, zomwe, komabe, zimafuna kuti pakhale lingaliro la akatswiri momwe zowonongekazi zimawerengedwera. Kampaniyo idasumira, ipereka lipoti lina lotsutsana pakuyankha kwake, ndipo adzakhala oweruza omwe, potengera malipoti awa ndi kuvomereza kwawo kukhoti, adzawona kuchuluka kwa chipukuta misozi ", akuwonjezera Velázquez, yemwe amapereka chitsanzo kuti mu cartel of compensation imawerengeredwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 5% mpaka 20% ya ndalama zomwe zidayesedwa, kapena mtengo wogula.
