Brazil, yomwe ambiri amacheza ndi matupi achinyengo pachimake m'magolide a Rio de Janeiro, chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu azaka zisanu kuti athe kupangira anthu ambiri, malinga ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la opaleshoni ya pulasitiki (ndi Aps). Komabe, m’boma la Brazil la Mato Grosso do Sul asankha kupita patsogolo pakugwiritsa ntchito scalpel, zomwe zilibe kutsutsana.
Kukwezeleza yankholi kuchokera ku Unified Health System (SUS) ndikokhazikika chifukwa ndi izi ikufuna kuchepetsa 'kuvutitsidwa' komwe achinyamata amakumana nawo chifukwa cha chilema chakuthupi. Amapereka ntchito zaulere m'malo ophunzirira aboma komanso apadera. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti izi "zimawonjezera kudzidalira kwa ana."
Popeza ku Mato Grosso do Sul akuluakulu a boma adawona kuti chaka chatha panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa madandaulo a kupezerera anzawo. Ku Brazil, National School Health Surveys yomwe inachitika ikuwonetsa kuti chifukwa choyamba chopezerera anzawo ndi zilema zakuthupi, ndiyeno mtundu.
Pulogalamuyi imaphatikizapo rhinoplasty chifukwa cha zolakwika za mphuno, kukonza makutu otuluka ndi otoplasty, opaleshoni ya maso kuti achepetse myopia ndi strabismus kapena kuchotsa zipsera. Zonsezi bola ngati ali pakati pa 90 ndi 300 mayuro. Ndipo kuti ntchitoyi iyambe, ndipo wodwalayo asanalowe m’chipinda chochitira opaleshoni, pamafunika kuti wapolisi adziwitsidwe za nkhani ya kupezerera anzawo yomwe inachitika komanso kuwunika maganizo kwa mwanayo.
polowera kuchipinda chochitira opaleshoni
“Choyamba, tiyenera kunena kuti, ngakhale kuti mwachionekere ali ndi mbali yokongola, maopaleshoni ambiri a ana aang’ono amakhala okonzanso kapena amakhala ndi chigawo chogwira ntchito. Mwina, otoplasty ingafunike opaleshoni yodzikongoletsa koma imachitidwa chifukwa cha vuto lobadwa nalo. Ndipo ma aesthetic rhinoplasties sachitidwa kwa ana, " Dr. Concepción Lorca García, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi Member Communications wa Secpre (Spanish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery) adauza ABC. Ndipo akuwonjezera kuti ponena za kuopsa kwa maopaleshoniwa, "maopaleshoni onsewa ali ndi zovuta zofanana ndi opaleshoni ya akuluakulu."
Izi zikuwonjezedwanso ntchito zochepetsera mawere azaka za 16. "Kupereka kuchepetsa mabere kwa odwala azaka 16 ndikovuta. Momwemo, opaleshoni iliyonse yamtunduwu mwa achinyamata iyenera kuganiziridwa pamene chitukuko cha m'mawere chatsirizidwa, popeza pali njira zingapo zomwe ife opaleshoni ya pulasitiki timachita ndi zomwe zimatithandiza kudziwa ngati kukula kapena kukula kwa bere kwasiya kapena ayi ", adatero Dr. García.
Mtsutso umaperekedwa
Funso lotseguka ndiloti vuto la mtundu uwu likhoza kuchitidwa ndi scalpel monga chomera cha Brazil, kumene ndi chigamba chomwe sichinathetse vuto la mizu, ndipo chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati njira yosavuta yothetsera vuto lovuta kwambiri.
Mawu otsutsa, monga a César Benavides, pulezidenti wa Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery ku Mato Grosso do Sul, akusonyeza kuti kuchitira anthu akunja okha popanda kufufuza zomwe zikuchitika mkati sikuthetsa vutoli, popeza kupezerera kuyenera kusinthidwa kuchoka kunyumba. Ndipo malinga ndi UNESCO, kuchitiridwa nkhanza "kukhoza kusokoneza kudzipereka kuti apitirize kuphunzira, kuchita bwino kusukulu, kumakhudzana ndi kusungulumwa, kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso maganizo ofuna kudzipha."
Joaquín González Cabrera, Adoración Díaz López ndi Vanessa Caba Machado, ofufuza a gulu la 'Cyberpsychology' la International University of La Rioja (UNIR), pochitapo kanthu ku Brazil poganizira kuti zochita zamtunduwu zimawoneka ngati kuchitiridwa nkhanza kawiri: kuchitiridwa nkhanza kenako ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake kuti asiye mawonekedwe.
Ndipo amafotokozera ABC kuti muyeso uwu ndi wotsutsana ndi ozunzidwa, komanso kwa anthu onse, chifukwa m'lingaliro limeneli amapereka ntchito zokongoletsa kuti 'athetse zolakwika', khalidwe loipa la zosiyana likulimbikitsidwa, pali kuwukira motsutsana ndi kuunika koyenera kwa kusiyana. Njira ndi yogwirira ntchito pakukhala pamodzi kwa sukulu ndi nyengo yabwino ya m'kalasi yomwe imavomereza ndikugwirizanitsa zomwe ziri zosiyana. “Tinene momveka bwino kuti imeneyi si njira yake,” iwo akutero.
galasi kupotoza
Spain ili pamwamba pamndandanda waku Europe wa anthu akupezerera anzawo omwe ali ndi milandu yayikulu kwambiri. Ana asanu ndi awiri (7) mwa ana khumi (10) aliwonse ku Spain amachitiridwa nkhanza tsiku lililonse, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa bungwe la NGO International Bullying Without Borders. Ndipo World Health Organisation (WHO), pakati pa 2021 ndi February 2022, idapeza milandu yopitilira 11.000 yakuzunzidwa. Momwemonso, lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi Mutua Madrileña ndi Fundación ANAR linanena kuti mmodzi wa ophunzira a ku Spain awa adazunzidwa chaka chatha.
Ubale pakati pa kupezerera anzawo ndi chidwi cha opaleshoni yodzikongoletsa wakhala umboni kale m'zaka zapitazo. Kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya Warwick (United Kingdom) m’chaka cha 2017 anasonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amapezerera anzawo sakhala otetezeka kwambiri ndi matupi awo kuposa anzawo akusukulu. Chomwe chimachotsedwadi pa ntchitoyi ndikuti stalkers adawonetsanso chidwi chapadera pazokongoletsa.
Koma zolimbikitsa za onse awiri ndizosiyana, malinga ndi ofufuza. Dieter Wolke, mmodzi wa olemba kafukufuku ananena kuti: “Kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi anzako kumayambitsa vuto la maganizo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti munthu azilakalaka kuchitidwa opaleshoni yodzikongoletsa. "Kwa ovutitsa anzawo, opaleshoni yodzikongoletsa ingakhale njira ina yowonjezeretsa chikhalidwe chawo, kuoneka bwino kapena kulamulira."
Komanso, chilakolako chimenechi chimakhala chachikulu pakati pa atsikana kusiyana ndi anyamata, komanso pakati pa achinyamata akuluakulu komanso omwe makolo awo amaphunzira pang'ono.
"M'makhalidwe omwe timayendamo, kusiyana kulikonse kumatanthauza kuti anthu omwe samagwirizana ndi malo omwe amakhalapo amaonedwa kuti akhoza kunyozedwa, kunyozedwa, kunyoza kapena kumenyedwa, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndi zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa, kuphatikiza aliyense mu gulu ndikuphunzitsa kulekerera kusiyana, kuziwona ndi chinthu chabwino ", akulengeza za UNIR.
