Zanenedwa moyenerera kuti lynx ndi yofooka mwachibadwa. Wozunzidwa ndi kusaka ndi ziphe, zaka makumi awiri zapitazo panali zitsanzo zosakwana zana ku Peninsula ya Iberia. Ochepa ndi kuchepetsedwa kukhala anthu awiri akutali ku Doñana ndi Andújar, adavutika ndi kuswana mpaka kufika pokhala imodzi mwa zamoyo zomwe zili ndi mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya majini padziko lapansi, yofanana ndi nkhandwe ya Channel Island ku California kapena dolphin ya Yangtze River. Kupanda magazi atsopano kumabweretsa matenda, kusabereka komanso kulephera kwakukulu kutengera chilengedwe. Iwo anali pafupi kutha. Ntchito yoteteza kokha, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuswana akapolo, inatha kubweretsa amphakawa kumoyo, mpaka
ananena kuti masiku ano pali anthu oposa XNUMX ogaya mphero amene amafalitsidwa m’madera osiyanasiyana kuyambira ku Jaén mpaka ku Portugal.
Zopusa, koma osati zopusa. Zikuoneka kuti ma lynx a ku Iberia anali ndi chibadwa chomwe chatha kuwathandiza kupeŵa zotsatira zowononga kwambiri za inbreeding ndipo, mwinamwake, kukana kutha pang'ono. Gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Doñana Biological Station-CSIC lasanthula ma genomes a 20 Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) ndi 28 boreal kapena Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) ndipo apeza kuti, ngakhale kuti DNA ya amphaka okonda dziko lawo ili ndi ballast, izo. watha 'kuyeretsa' mitundu ina ya majini, yoopsa kwambiri, yotengera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi ubale wapamtima.
Inbreeding
"Cholinga chathu chinali kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa majini pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya alongo," akufotokoza motero Daniel Kleinman, wa ku siteshoni ya Doñana. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ambiri, popanda chibadwa, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri ndipo kumatha kuthetsa masinthidwe owopsa. “Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m’magulu ang’onoang’ono, kusankhika kwachilengedwe kumataya mphamvu yake ndipo zosintha zambiri zovulaza zimatha kuchitika pafupipafupi,” anafotokoza motero katswiri wa zamoyo.
Koma pali mtundu wa kusintha, recessive, amene zotsatira zovulaza zimangowonekera pamene zimagwirizana mu 'dose iwiri'. Mwachitsanzo, akatengera makolo onse awiri pa nthawi imodzi. "M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, popeza kuchuluka kwa kuswana ndikwambiri, mwayi woti kusintha kochulukiraku kumatha kuchitika mwa munthu yemweyo ndi wokwera kwambiri. Mwanjira iyi, nyamayo siingathe kuberekana kapena, mwachindunji, kupulumuka, zomwe zotsatira zake zovulaza zimatha kuchotsedwa kwa anthu, "adatero Kleinman.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zachitika pakati pa lynx za ku Iberia. Anthu omwe ali ndi majini oipitsitsa sakhala ndi moyo kapena samapatsira m'badwo wotsatira. Kuyeretsa ma genetic kumathandizira kuthetsa masinthidwe ambiri oyipa, mpaka ma Iberia ndi 'oyera' kuposa ma Boreals.
ana agalu omwe ali ndi khunyu
"Pali zamoyo zochepa kwambiri zomwe zayesedwa momveka bwino," akutero José Antonio Godoy, wa ku siteshoni ya Doñana. Malinga ndi wasayansi, izi zalolanso kuti maphunziro apange kabukhu kochotsa madera (mu mndandanda wa DNA) womwe ungakhudze fulakesi. Mwachitsanzo, "kafukufuku wa m'tsogolomu angathandize kudziwa kuti ndi majini ati omwe amachititsa matenda omwe amapezeka m'maguluwa, monga cryptorchidism, matenda omwe machende satsika ndipo amachititsa kuti asabereke, komanso khunyu pakati pa ana." Kukomoka kumachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri ndipo kumatha kufa. Mu ukapolo, milandu imachiritsidwa bwino, koma tsogolo la nyama zakutchire sizidziwika.
Kwa Godoy, mapulogalamu oteteza zachilengedwe komanso kuswana kwa anthu ogwidwa asintha nkhani ya lynx kukhala nkhani "yopambana". Pakalipano, anthu otsala ku Andújar ndi Doñana, omwe anafika, ali ndi chibadwa chosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mzake, asakaniza. Pali zitsanzo zakutchire za 1.111 m'madera omwe poyamba zidasowa, monga chigwa cha Guarrizas ku Jaén, Montes de Toledo, chigwa cha Matachel (Badajoz) ndi chigwa cha Guadiana, ku Portugal. Ana ambiri amabadwa chaka chilichonse.
Cholinga chotsatira ndichoti tipitirize kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ng'ombe wa ku Iberia kuti azidziwika kuti 'osatetezeka'. Kuti akwaniritse izi, kuwonjezera pakupanga kuchuluka kwa anthu, pulojekiti yothandizidwa ndi LIFE ya European LIFE yotchedwa LinxConect ikufuna kuwalumikiza wina ndi mzake, popeza akadali okhaokha. Mosakayikira, maphunziro a majini athandizira kuchira kwa anyani omwe akuwopseza kwambiri.
