Pa February 24 chaka chatha, tsiku loyamba la nkhondo ku Ukraine, ABC inafotokoza za usiku wautali wa mabomba omwe Kiev adakumana nawo, ndi nyumba zikwi zambiri zowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga. Komanso nkhondo yolimbana ndi dzanja ndi manja yomwe inachitika m'misewu ya likulu, ndi kuwombera kwakukulu muzokambirana za nyumba za Pulezidenti wa ku Ukraine, Boma ndi Verkhovna Rada (Paramende). Kuwukirako kudalamulidwa pambuyo poti pulezidenti wa Russia, Vladimir Putin, adakhala ngati vuto lalikulu pakati pa anthu a ku Ukraine, omwe anali atalembetsa kale masiku a September 1941 pamene asilikali a Hitler adalowa mumzinda kuti awononge chilichonse.
Ndizochita chidwi, chifukwa tsiku lomwelo lomwe Russia idayamba kuwukira chaka chapitacho, Boma la Ukraine lidasindikiza chithunzi pa akaunti yake ya Twitter yomwe idapita mwachangu. Icho chinali fanizo zojambulajambula zomwe Hitler anawonekera akusisita Putin ndi uthenga wotsatira: "Ichi si meme, koma chathu ndi chenicheni chanu pakali pano." Koma zimene zinachitika tsiku limenelo, mkati mwa tsokalo, zinali kutali ndi zimene zinachitika pa September 16, 1941, mpaka pamene mbiri yatsopano inamangidwa imene sinaposedwe: Hitler anatenga akaidi 660.000 a Soviet Union tsiku limodzi, chiwerengero Choposa nkhondo yonse yapadziko lonse. II.
Jesús Hernández akusimba mu 'Izi sizinali m'buku langa la Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse' (Almuzara, 2018) kuti Hitler adalephera kuyesa kugonjetsera Britain ndikuti, kumapeto kwa 1940, adayang'ana kwambiri adagwira ntchito mdani wake weniweni: Soviet Union. Inafika nthawi yoti ayang'ane ndi zomwe zidzakhale nkhondo yayikulu ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yomwe chipani cha Nazi chinkafuna kukwaniritsa maloto ake osintha dziko la Germany kukhala ufumu wa kontinenti womwe unayambira ku Atlantic kupita ku Urals. Pa March 30, 1931, adalengeza kwa akuluakulu ake kuti akufuna kumenyana ndi chimphona cha chikomyunizimu, mu ntchito yotchedwa Barbarossa, yomwe inayamba pa June 22, pamene foni ya ku likulu la chigawo cha asilikali cha Leningrad inalira pakati pa usiku. .
Sizinali zachilendo kuti Moscow apemphe msonkhano "wofulumira" ndi mkulu wa mzinda panthawiyo, choncho zinali zoonekeratu kuti chinachake chachikulu chinali kuchitika. Wogwiritsa ntchito siginecha a Mikhail Neishtadt adalangiza wamkulu wa antchito, yemwe adafika patatha mphindi makumi anayi ali woyipa. "Ndikukhulupirira kuti zikufunika," adakwiya, ndipo adamupatsa telegalamu: "Asilikali a Germany adutsa malire a Soviet Union." Zinali ngati maloto oipa. Tinkafuna kudzuka ndipo zonse zibwerera mwakale, "adatero womalizayo, yemwe posakhalitsa adazindikira kuti sikunali loto, koma kuukira koopsa kwa asitikali mamiliyoni atatu ndi akasinja ndi ndege zomwe zinali zikuyenda kale. kutsogolo kwa makilomita 2.500 kuchokera ku Black Sea kupita ku Baltic.
Chithunzi: Kyiv
Monga momwe anafotokozera Michael Jones mu 'Kuzingidwa kwa Leningrad: 1941-1944' (Kutsutsa, 2016), ntchitoyo inakonzekera kumenya katatu: Gulu la Gulu la Army Center lidzagonjetsa Minsk, Smolensk ndi Moscow; Gulu la Kumpoto linathaŵira ku dera la Baltic ndipo linatsogolera Leningrad, koma Gulu la Kum'mwera lidzaukira dziko la Ukraine lopita ku Kyiv. Otsatirawa anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, yemwe anadutsa ku Poland, adadutsa Lviv ndikufika ku beseni la Donbass ndi Odesa mu September pambuyo pa kupambana kwakukulu. Erich von Manstein ndi amene anagonjetsa mzinda wapadoko womalizawu pambuyo pa kuuzinga koopsa.
Zokhumudwitsa ku Ukraine zidapangitsa kugonjetsedwa kotsatizana kwa Asitikali a Soviet komwe kunachitika kumapeto kwa Kyiv pa Seputembara 26, 1941, pomwe oteteza omaliza adazimitsidwa. Pofika pakati pa August, Stalin anali atasonkhanitsa asilikali pafupifupi 700.000 kuzungulira mzindawo, akasinja chikwi ndi mfuti zoposa chikwi. Akuluakulu ake angapo adamuchenjeza, ngakhale mwamantha, kuti asilikali azunguliridwa ndi Ajeremani. Yekhayo amene anasonyeza mphamvu anali Gueorgui Zhukov, amene analowa m'malo pambuyo wankhanza Soviet anafa ndi lamulo kuti asabwerere.
Poyamba, akhungu a Ulamuliro Wachitatu anatsekereza oteteza kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa mzindawo. Kuti achite izi, iwo anali ndi thandizo la Gulu II la Heinz Guderian Panzer Division, amene anayenda makilomita 200 pa liwiro lalikulu ndi akasinja ake kuthandiza pincers pa 23 mwezi womwewo. Pa September 5, Stalin anazindikira kulakwa kwake ndipo anatha kudzipatula, koma kuthaŵa kunali mochedwa. Ambiri mwa asilikali a Soviet 700.000 analibe nthawi yothawa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kuzungulirako kunatsekedwa, mpaka pa 16 pamene gulu lachiwiri la Guderian Division linakumana ndi gulu loyamba.
Kuphedwa kwa Babi Yar ndi chipani cha Nazi kudapha Ayuda 33.000 ku Kyiv ABC
Mbiri ya tsoka
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya Hans Roth, msilikali wochokera ku Battalion 299 wa German Sixth Army Infantry Division, kumenyana koopsa kwambiri kudzachitika pakati pa September 17 ndi 19. Anthu aku Russia adateteza ndi ma cocktails a Molotov, ma roketi otchuka a Katyusha, komanso agalu a bomba, komanso kusiya migodi mumzinda wonse. Njira ya Stalin, komabe, idapangitsa kuti adziphe, kununkha kwa meya asitikali ake adasungidwa ndikutsekeredwa m'ndende pambuyo pa kugwa kwa mzindawo pa 26 pomwe oteteza omaliza adagonja. Tsiku lomwelo, m’maola 24 okha, asilikali 660,000 anamangidwa ndi Asilikali a Nazi, kuswa mbiri yomvetsa chisoni ya chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha akaidi m’tsiku limodzi chiyambire Nkhondo Yadziko II.
Zoipa kwambiri zinali m'tsogolo. Pa 28, chipani cha Nazi chinagaŵira timapepala mu likulu lonse lolengeza kuti: “Ayuda onse okhala mu Kiev ndi m’madera ozungulira Kiev ayenera kukaonekera mawa Lolemba XNUMX koloko m’maŵa pakona ya misewu ya Melnikovsky ndi Dokhturov. Ayenera kunyamula zikalata zawo, ndalama, zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zovala zofunda. Myuda aliyense amene satsatira malangizowa ndipo akapezeka kwina adzawomberedwa. Munthu wamba aliyense amene walowa m’malo amene Ayuda anasamutsidwa n’kuba katundu wawo adzawomberedwa.”
Tsiku lotsatira kuphedwa kwa onsewo kunayamba, kaya anali a ku Russia kapena a ku Ukraine. A Nazi alibe nthawi yotaya ndipo amapanga liwiro lothamanga. Atafika, alondawo anawatsogolera kumalo enieni kumene akanaphedwa. Choyamba, analamulidwa kuvula zovala kuti alande zovala zawo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti sananyamule ndalama kapena zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Kamodzi m'mphepete mwa chigwacho, ndi nyimbo zomveka bwino komanso ndege ikuwuluka pamwamba kuti ibisale kufuula, iwo anawomberedwa pamutu.
Ayuda aku Ukraine akukumba manda awo ku Storow, Ukraine. 4 Julayi 1941 WIKIPEDIA
bambo ya
Grossman analemba m'buku lake kuti kupha anthu otchuka a Babi Yar, monga momwe adapangira chigwa chomwe adapangira kunja kwa Kiev, chinali kutuluka kwa chiwonongeko kudzera mu zipolopolo, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakulitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya. M'lingaliro limeneli, amuna 3.000 a Einsatzgruppen, gulu la magulu opha anthu ozungulira opangidwa ndi mamembala a SS, omwe ambiri a iwo ankagwira ntchito yawo moledzera, anali ofunika kwambiri. M’maola 48 okha, asilikali a ku Germany ananena kuti Ayuda okwana 33.771 aphedwa, omwe panthawi yomaliza anali ndi chiyembekezo choti athamangitsidwa.
Wamng'ono wozunzidwa ku Ukraine Babi Yar Memorial Center adatha kuzindikira kuti anali mwana wamasiku awiri. M’buku lake lakuti ‘A Document in the Form of a Novel’, lofalitsidwa mu 1966, Anatoly Kuznetsov akukumbukira umboni wa mkazi wina wachiyuda amene anathaŵa kuthawa: “Anayang’ana pansi nachita chizungulire. Ndinadzimva kukhala wokwezeka kwambiri. Pansi pake panali nyanja ya matupi odzaza magazi.
