Kaum lub sij hawm cia muaj peev xwm ntau dua li graphite, cov khoom siv los txog rau tam sim no hauv lithium ion roj teeb los txhawb kev them nyiaj. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov projection ntawm kev siv silicon nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv smartphones thiab pab kiag li lawm thiab nyob rau hauv lub anodes ntawm lub tsheb roj teeb (ib tug sector nyob rau hauv uas Volkswagen nyuam qhuav tshaj tawm lub yavtom ntej kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug gigafactory nyob rau hauv Sagunto los tsim cov roj teeb rau. hluav taws xob tsheb, nrog rau kev cia siab tiam ntawm 3.000 txoj haujlwm). Thiab cov tuam txhab xws li Sila Nanotechnologies, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tau lees paub qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov roj teeb thawj zaug nrog cov ntxhia no.
Spain muaj ntau lub chaw tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av no, qhov thib ob ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov pob zeb thiab siv tau ntau dua li graphite (raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam - piv txwv li, 'tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb' -, nrog Suav hegemony), txij li nws yog tam sim no. nyob rau hauv pob zeb los yog xuab zeb, thiab ib zaug muab rho tawm, nws lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem pib.
Qhov no yog qhov lawv ua ntawm Floatech, 'spin-off' ntawm IMDEA Cov Khoom (ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb txuas nrog Lub Zej Zog ntawm Madrid), koom tes nyiaj txiag los ntawm Juan José Vilatela thiab Richard Schäufele, ib feem ntawm lub koom haum Multifunctional Nanocomposites Group.
Tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej
Vilatela, tus kws tshaj lij lub cev los ntawm Ibero-American University of Mexico thiab kws kho mob los ntawm University of Cambridge, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no: nrog rau kev txo qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj me.
Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb tau taw qhia, kev tsim kho tshiab tsom mus rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem kom nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv 'virtuous site' ntau dua kev tsim khoom, tus nqi qis ... nrog kev rov qab los ntawm kev tsim khoom ruaj khov: "Silicon xav tau cov txheej txheem hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv, uas hauv Floatech. Kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, yog li cov hneev taw ib puag ncig yuav raug txo. " Nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev nqis peev puag ncig, nrog rau kev pom los tsim thawj qhov kev cog qoob loo hauv 2023 thiab muaj cov khoom npaj los ntawm 2025 (lawv tau muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm European Research Council, los ntawm ib qhov project ntawm kev tshawb fawb zoo).
Tau kawg, txawm hais tias silicon los loaded nrog qhov zoo, nws nthuav tawm qee qhov tseem ceeb, xws li nws qhov tawg vim qhov kev hloov pauv tas mus li ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov txheej txheem them thiab tawm hauv cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, Carmen Morant, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Kev Siv Physics ntawm Autonomous University of Madrid, hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia no: "Nws tau cog lus zoo li cov khoom siv anode rau cov roj teeb lithium, vim tias nws yog lub hauv paus nrog lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws-theoretical. thiab ntau heev nyob rau hauv qhov. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, piv txwv li, hauv kev khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj qhov hloov pauv loj heev uas tshwm sim hauv kev taw qhia / rho tawm ntawm lithium hauv silicon, qhov twg cov khoom nce thiab txo nws cov ntim mus txog plaub zaug, lub anode tawg, tawg thiab lub roj teeb poob stability. Yog li, peb tab tom kawm yuav ua li cas txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov roj teeb no los ntawm kev siv cov khoom me me, xws li, piv txwv li, cov ntawv nyias nyias ntawm silicon thiab silicon nanowires. "
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev, raws li Morant taw qhia, "los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog ntau txheej txheej ntawm silicon thiab fabrication ntawm vertically aligned silicon nanowires. Txhawm rau pom nws, nws yuav yog ib yam zoo ib yam li qhov mob ntawm qhov mob, nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw uas nce hauv ntim tuaj yeem haum thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom-txheej txheem. Tus kws tshaj lij kuj tseem hais ntxiv tias muaj ob hom silicon nyob rau hauv daim teb no: "lub crystalline ib qho (nqi dua thiab tsis ua lag luam), thiab amorphous ib qho, ntau ntxeem tau thiab uas tuaj yeem 'doped' nrog kev qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv kom nws Nws tseem muaj kev coj ua ntau dua, uas peb tab tom tshawb fawb hauv kev koom tes nrog Deposited Silicon Devices Group, Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit ntawm Ciemat (Center for Energy, Environmental thiab Technological Research).
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Marta Cabello, postdoctoral soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub CIC energiGUNE Cell Prototyping pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb, nws qhia txog yuav ua li cas, txog tam sim no, kev lag luam siv tsawg heev ntawm silicon nyob rau hauv lub anodes, ntawm 5 thiab 8%. Thiab nws tseem ceeb heev rau lub koom haum koom tes hauv European 3beLiEVe qhov project, "nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm European roj teeb thiab kev lag luam tsheb hauv lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob yav tom ntej los ntawm kev muab cov roj teeb thawj tiam ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov project no tshawb xyuas cov kev taw qhia ntawm silica rau hauv cov khoom siv anode.
Qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub chaw no, nyob rau hauv lub Álava Technology Park, yog ua ntej los ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lwm yam European project Graphene Flagship Core 2, "qhov twg kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv silicon anodes ua ke nrog graphene, tswj kom scale no ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau lawm loj. ".
Lub Sijhawm Tshiab
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ruaj khov, Cabello qhia txog tias qhov nce ntawm lub zog ceev ntawm lub roj teeb yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muaj hluav taws xob tsheb nrog cov roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm muab ntau mais kom txuag tau nrog ib tus nqi: cov roj teeb muaj lithium-ion raws li silicon anodes. raug txo kom tsawg, yog tias kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov anodes no yog nqa tawm hauv qhov nruab nrab aqueous, txav deb ntawm cov organic solvents uas nquag siv, uas yog tshuaj lom thiab txo qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb. "
Lwm qhov detachment yog ntawm Ferroglobe, lub tuam txhab Spanish, ua ke nrog Me Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb, xaiv hauv qhov thib ob yias-European kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab (IPCEI) uas npog tag nrho cov roj teeb nqi.
Lub ntiaj teb no cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm silicon hlau thiab silicon-manganese ferroalloys, nws muaj cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev lag luam dynamic thiab loj hlob sai xws li hnub ci, tsheb, cov khoom siv, kev tsim kho thiab lub zog, nrog rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag hauv Spain, Fabkis, Norway, South Africa, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Canada, Argentina thiab Tuam Tshoj (26 lub chaw tsim khoom, nrog rau 69 lub cub tawg thoob ntiaj teb, thiab txog 3400 tus neeg ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb).
Nyob rau hauv nws Innovation thiab R & D Center (hauv Sabón, La Coruña), ua ke nrog lub silica metallurgical Hoobkas, tsuas yog ib tug nyob rau hauv Spain, Ferroglobe tau launched ib tug tswv yim innovation txoj kev npaj rau kev loj hlob ntawm silicon hmoov (micrometric thiab nanometric) rau lub anode ntawm lithium ion roj teeb. "Lub tuam txhab (lawv taw qhia) xav muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov kev sib tw tam sim no ntsib los ntawm kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev txav mus los, xws li txhawb kev hloov pauv mus rau cov thev naus laus zis kom ruaj khov thiab huab cua tsis zoo. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, cov roj teeb yog lub tshuab tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv no, tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov khoom siv qib siab tsim nyog los tsim lawv. " Ib qho xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb uas silicon tau tsim los ua ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj xyoo caum los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
