I loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka, ua hana mākou i nā mea hou i hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou ola a i ʻole i wehe i nā puka no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea ʻoiaʻiʻo a hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale paha iā lākou.
Ma waena o kēia papa inoa o nā mea i hana ʻia ʻo ka huila, ke kelepona, ka ʻenekini mahu a i ʻole ke kamepiula. Aia nō naʻe kekahi ʻano o nā patent i hoʻomāinoino i kā lākou poʻe inventive kaulana a hiki i kahi hilahila iā lākou.
ʻalani ʻalani
Ma waena o 1962 a me 1970, ua hoʻokuʻu aku nā pūʻali koa US ma mua o kanahikukumamāono miliona lita o ka Agent Orange mai ka lewa a hiki i Vietnam Hema, me ka manaʻo hoʻokahi e luku i nā mea kanu a hoʻonele i ka Vietcong i kahi wahi palekana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino loa o kēia mauʻu, ʻo ia ka dioxin, he mea haumia e hiki ke hoʻomau i ke kaiapuni no nā makahiki he mau makahiki a hoʻoulu i nā maʻi i loko o ke kanaka (neoplasms, infertility a me nā loli i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal).
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua make ke ʻano pololei ma muli o ka ʻalani ʻalani ʻekolu miliona Vietnamese a me ka hapalua miliona mau keiki i hānau ʻia me nā malformations congenital.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Agent Orange e kekahi kanaka physiologist ʻAmelika a me nā mea kanu mea kanu, ʻo Arhtur Galston (1920-2008). Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ana ʻo ia me kahi mea hoʻoponopono ulu mea kanu, mahalo i kāna mau hoʻokolohua ua hōʻike ʻo ia e hiki i ka triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) ke hoʻoulu i ka pua ʻana o ka soybeans a hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana ʻana i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Eia kekahi, e hoʻomanaʻo, inā i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hui kemika, ua nalowale ka lau o ka mea kanu.
ʻO Galston, ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻo ia i ka pōʻino nui o ke kaiapuni a Agent Orange i hana ai ma Vietnam, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pilikia i loaʻa i nā kānaka. Ua ʻike ʻo Came he "hoʻohana hewa ʻia ʻo ka ʻepekema." ʻO ka helu o ka pūhui e pili ana i nā kaha kala i ʻike ʻia ma nā barela i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawe ʻana.
ka pahu atomika
ʻO ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Manhattan Project, kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka pōkā atomika mua, ʻo ia ka theoretical physicist Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967). No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā kaʻina hana ikaika o nā ʻāpana subatomic, me nā electrons a me nā positrons. ʻO kekahi o nā hua hope loa o kāna hana ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka uranium-235 mai ka uranium piha a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui koʻikoʻi e pono ai e hana i ka pōkā atomika.
Mahalo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka papahana ʻAmelika, i loaʻa iā Iulai 16, 1945, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pōkā mua ma ka wao nahele ʻo New Mexico - Operation Trinity. He mau pule wale nō ma hope e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Hiroshima a me Nagasaki.
Ma hope mai, mihi ʻo Oppenheimer no ka make ʻana, ua mihi ʻo ia no ke komo ʻana i ka papahana Manhattan. Mai ka makahiki 1947 a hiki i ka makahiki 1952, he kākā'ōlelo 'o ia no ka United States Atomic Energy Commission, mai ia manawa ua ho'opau 'ia no ka mana honua o ka mana atomika.
No ka AK-47 ma TV
Ma mua koke o ka hāʻule ʻana, ua haʻi ʻo Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919-2013) ua loaʻa iā ia ka "ʻeha ʻuhane ʻole" a ua hoʻopau i nā lā hope o kona ola e nīnau ana iā ia iho i ka nīnau like: "ʻO wau paha ... E ʻike anei ʻoe i ka hewa no ko lākou make ʻana? ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka raifela e lawe ana i kāna helu - ka AK-47 - no ka Red Army i ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II. He mea make ia i make ai na miliona o ka make, ua oi aku mamua o na pu raifela hoouka.
Ua hōʻeha ʻia ʻo Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) e ka manaʻo o ka make a me ka luku ʻana i hana ʻia e ka noi o kāna mau mea i hana ai. I ka makahiki 1864, ua ola ʻo ia i ka pōʻino o ka ʻike ʻana i ka make ʻana o kona kaikaina a me ʻehā mau kānaka ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka pahū ʻana me ka nitroglycerin. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi ʻano hana i maʻalahi a palekana, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia ma ka hui ʻana me ka pālolo kieselguhr, e loaʻa ai ka dynamite ma muli o ka hopena. Me ka hana ʻana i nā makana e loaʻa ana i kāna helu, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kāhea i kona lunamanaʻo a me ka lepo mai ka helu paʻi.
Ma waena o ka poʻe mihi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo Philo T Farnsworth (1906-1971), ka mea i ʻike i nā kumu kumu o ka televise uila no nā makahiki he ʻumikumamāhā i hala. Ua iho kēia ʻAmelika i ka mōʻaukala no ka hana ʻana i ke kīwī uila piha piha. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna mea hana me ka manaʻolana e lilo ia i mea paahana no ka holomua moʻomeheu, me ia e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻoihana aʻo a me ka lawelawe ʻoliʻoli ma o nā haʻuki, moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻonaʻauao.
Ua lōʻihi ka noho ʻana o Farnsworth e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o kāna mea i hana ai, a ua mihi ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua hoʻopau nā kānaka i ko lākou manawa i mua o ke kīwī.
He kanaka lapaʻau ʻo Pedro Gargantilla ma El Escorial Hospital (Madrid) a me ka mea kākau o kekahi mau puke kaulana.
