ʻO 'Sorioneku', nona ka unuhi e like me "maikaʻi", "maikaʻi" a i ʻole "hiki mai ka maikaʻi". ʻO ia ka mua o nā huaʻōlelo ʻelima i wehewehe ʻia ma ka 'lima o Irulegi', he pā keleawe mai ka hapakolu mua o ka XNUMXst century BC i loaʻa ma Navarra e loaʻa ana, e like me ka poʻe akamai, "ka palapala kahiko loa a me ka hapa nui loa. kākau nui ma ka ʻōlelo Basque i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā».
Ua loaʻa ka lima i nā ʻeli i hana ʻia e nā mea noiʻi mai ka Aranzadi Science Society ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Irulegi, i noho ʻia mai ka waena o ka Bronze Age (XNUMXth a XNUMXth century BC) a hiki i ka hopena o ka Iron Age (XNUMXst century BC). ). Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe kālaihonua ma ka puka o kahi hale, kahi i manaʻoʻiʻo ai lākou e kau ana ma kona puka, no ka pale ʻana i ka home.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻeli ʻana i loko o ka hale kākela kahiko o Irulegi, ua kau ʻia nā ʻanuʻu aʻe o ka poʻe noiʻi i ka esplanade nui e hoʻomoe ana i ka wāwae o ka hale kākela, ma kēia kiʻekiʻe 893 mika kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomalu ana i ke kahawai ʻo Pamplona a me nā ʻanuʻu e pili ana i ka. hema o Navarra me na awawa Pyrenean. Ua ʻike lākou mai nā puke moʻolelo, aia kekahi kūlanakauhale mai ka Iron Age ma kēia mau ʻeka 3 a me nā anana geophysical a me nā noiʻi ua loaʻa lākou i kahi ʻāpana o ke alanui nui, me kahi pae o 4 mau mika, a me ʻelua mau hale ma kahi o 70 mau mika square.
Ma kekahi o kēia mau hale, ua loaʻa i ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e ke kālaihonua ʻo Mattin Aiestaran i nā hōʻike ua loaʻa iā ia ke ahi ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke poʻo pua ʻano Roma. Wahi a ka pilina i hana ʻia e ke Kulanui o Uppsala, ma Suedena, ua like nā koena i ka hapakolu hope o ka 83st century BC, i ka manawa o nā kaua Setorian (makahiki 73-XNUMX BC) i hakakā ma waena o nā Roma Quintus Sertorius a me Lucius ʻO Cornelius Sulla, i ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe autochthonous.
I loko o ke ahi, hāʻule ka lumi meaʻai o ka hale a me nā paia adobe ma luna ona, e mālama ana i kona loko. "Ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea āpau a me ka hōʻoia ʻana he hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua ʻike mākou i nā mea o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā i haʻalele ʻia e kona poʻe kamaʻāina i ko lākou holo ʻana," i wehewehe ʻia e ka mea kālaihonua ʻo Juantxo Agirre, he lālā o ka hui a me ke kākau ʻōlelo a Aranzadi.
Loaʻa iā Iune 2021
Ma waena o kēia mau mea, e paʻi ʻia kāna loiloi e Aiestarán i 2024, ma Iune 18, 2021, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana metala lima, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i lawe ʻia i ka hale hoʻihoʻi o ke Aupuni o Navarra, kahi. ua waiho ʻia lākou. ʻO Carmen Usúa ka mea nāna i hoʻolimalima, nāna i ʻike i ka palapala ma ka 'lima o Irulegi' i ka wā i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hoʻihoʻi ʻia.
«Ua hoʻomaka wau e ʻike i ka ʻāpana he ʻano mea hoʻonaninani a ʻike koke wau he mau leka ia, he palapala. ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i kēlā manawa he mea nui loa ia, "wahi āna.
Wehe i ka lima mai ka honua ʻo Aranzadi Science Society
E ʻimi e ʻike i ka poʻe kālaihonua "he manaʻo nui" ke aʻo ʻana ua hana ʻia kēia lima ʻākau me ka pepa keleawe me 53,19% tin, 40,87% keleawe a me 2,16% kepau, kahi mea maʻamau i nā alloys kahiko, ʻelima mau huaʻōlelo i kākau ʻia ( 40 hōʻailona) puʻunaue ʻia i ʻehā laina.
No ka ʻike ʻana i ke kamaʻilio ʻana o kahi palapala pre-Romanesque, ua hoʻopili koke ʻo ia i ka epigrapher Navarrese ʻo Javier Velaza, ke kaukaʻi o Latin Philology ma ke Kulanui o Barcelona, a ma hope me Joaquín Gorrochategui, he loea i ka paleolinguistics a me ke kaukaʻi o Indo-European. Linguistics ma ke Kulanui o ka Basque Country, i hiki iā lākou ke nānā i nā huaʻōlelo i kākau ʻia ma ka ʻāpana 143,1-milimita-kiʻekiʻe, 1,09-mm-mānoanoa, a me 127,9-mm-ākea, he 35,9 grams.
Ua hahai ka palapala i ka ʻōnaehana semi-syllabic, e like me ka Iberia, akā i loko o ia mea ua ʻike ʻo Velaza i kahi hōʻailona, a T, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mea a ua ʻike mua ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina Basque. "Ua ʻaiʻē ka poʻe Basques i ka ʻōnaehana kākau Iberian, e hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano," wahi āna.
ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o ka palapala ma ka pīʻāpā Latina penei: sorioneku {n} / tenekebeekiŕateŕe[n] /oTiŕtan · eseakaŕi / eŕaukon ·
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mua, ʻo "sorioneku" he "akaka loa" no Velaza a me Gorrochategui, he mea hoʻomanaʻo paha ia i ka huaʻōlelo Basque o kēia manawa 'zorioneko', ʻo ia hoʻi "no ka pōmaikaʻi".
ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe akamai ke wehewehe i ke koena o ka palapala, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wā hiki ke wehe ʻia ke ʻano. No nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, aia nā manaʻo like ʻole a me nā mea hiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i kekahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kahi helu kanaka a i ʻole kekahi akua.
ʻAʻohe mea like me kēia lima kū hoʻokahi. Ua mālama ʻia kahi lima alakaʻi kahiko ma Huesca, ʻoiaʻiʻo he like ka hana apotropaic, akā ʻaʻohe kikokikona.
ʻO Joseba Larratxe
"He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka lima o Irulegi," wahi a Velaza. "Ua laki au e hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā palapala pili pono i nā makahiki 30, akā ʻaʻohe mea me ka mea nui o kēia, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā Basques i ke kākau ʻana, ua lawe lākou i ka syllabary Iberia a hoʻololi ʻia," wahi āna.
I ka manaʻo o ka poʻe noiʻi, ʻo ka palapala i hōʻike ʻia "ka ʻōlelo kahiko nui loa ma ka ʻōlelo Basque i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā." Me nā hōʻike o nā dālā i kālai ʻia ma kēia wahi a me nā epigraphs ʻē aʻe, ka mea i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia - ka mosaic mai Andelos, ke keleawe mai Aranguren a me kahi palapala ma ka pōhaku mai Olite-, "hōʻike ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala a ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO Basques, i loko o kahi hanana o ka heluhelu heluhelu, mai ka mea i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa, me he mea lā he ʻano haʻahaʻa, akā ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻāpana Irulegi».
Manaʻo ka hōʻike he ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka typology a me ka morphology o ke kākoʻo (kahi lima i kuʻi ʻia me nā manamana lima i lalo) a me ke ʻano hana kākau i hoʻohana ʻia (kahi kiko ma hope o kahi sgraffito).
"Ma ka lima o Irulegi ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana kākau ʻelua, i ʻike maoli ʻia, ʻaʻole wale ma nā epigraphy āpau o Hispania, akā i nā epigraphy kahiko āpau o ke ao Komohana," wahi a Javier Velaza. Ua loaʻa wale iā lākou kahi hihia mamao loa ma kahi palapala Latin mai ka wā imperial.
ʻO ka pelekikena Navarrese ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Góngora, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike. Aupuni o Navarre
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike i kēia Pōʻakahi ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Góngora e ka pelekikena o Navarra, ʻo María Chivite, ka mea i wehewehe i ka ʻike ʻo "he moʻolelo mōʻaukala mua" ʻoiai ʻo ia ka "lele e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻike a hiki i kēia manawa. hoʻohana ʻia i ko mākou moʻolelo a me kā mākou moʻomeheu.
ʻO ka huakaʻi hele koke o ka 'lima o Irulegi' e lilo ia i keʻena no ka mālama ʻana i nā metala i loko o ka hale o ka Historical Heritage Service, pēlā e hoʻomau ai i ka hana noiʻi. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻo ia e hōʻike iā ia ma ka Museo de Navarra, nona nā ʻano mālama mālama a me nā palekana no kāna hōʻike.
Nā ʻeli ʻana i loko o ka hale ma Irulegi Mattin Aiestaran
Ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei ka Aranzadi Science Society iā ia iho i kēia ʻike "ʻokoʻa" i kāna makahiki 75th, "e hōʻailona i kahi milestone i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻōlelo Basque" a hoʻoikaika i ke kaulahao o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāpana mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana ma nā ʻeli ʻana a hiki i kāna aʻo ʻana. e nā poʻe akamai i ʻike ʻia he "hoʻohālike". ʻO ke kākau ʻōlelo nui o kēia ʻoihana kaulana e kipaku aku me kēia mau ʻōlelo i nā huna, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻolaha i hana ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni a Iruña Veleia.
He kūlanakauhale paʻa mua ma Pamplona
ʻO Irulegi kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o nā villa paʻa i ka wahi, e like me ke Aupuni o Navarra i kahi leka. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe a me kona kūlana kūlana kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi iā ia i kahi waiwai pale koʻikoʻi.
Ua ulu ka enclave kahiko ma ke kumu o ka hale kākela i nā kenekulia a hiki i kahi 14 ha i ka I BC, me nā wahi no ka mahiʻai a me nā holoholona, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli poʻe i noho. Ua puni ka pā i nā paia.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka koho ʻana o nā kamaʻāina i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe e noho ai, ua hōʻailona ʻia e ka pōʻaiapili o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke aniau (ʻoi aku ka pulu a ʻano anu), ʻo ia ka mea i liʻiliʻi nā kumuwaiwai a pono lākou e hoʻokūkū no lākou. ʻO ka pane, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā kūlanakauhale paʻa, pale maʻalahi a paʻa i ka pā, i noho ʻia e nā mahiʻai a me nā kahu hipa, a i ka manawa like, he mau koa.
ʻO Irulegi, me ko mākou kua a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia a hoʻomāhuahua i ka Basin Pamplona, ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o Pompelo, ʻo Pamplona i kēia manawa (makahiki 74). aiʻole 75 BC).
ʻO ke kiʻi lewa o ka hale kākela ʻo Irulegi, ma ke alo, a ma kahi mamao aku o ke kahua o ke kaona o Iron Age. SC aranzadi
Ma hope o kekahi mau kenekulia o ka mālama ʻole ʻia, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale aliʻi (no ka Mōʻī) ma luna o Irulegi i ka waena o ke kenekulia 924 a ua koho ʻia ʻo Martín García de Eusa i kahu. Ua hana ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana ma nā hale pale mua, aia paha he hale kiaʻi a paʻa paha ma laila i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua Muslim o ka makahiki XNUMX, e like me nā kumu o ke Aupuni Navarrese.
Ma muli o kona kūlana hoʻolālā, e hāʻawi nui ia i ke kālā i ka pale ʻana i ke aliʻi a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kapikala ʻo Pamplona. Ua luku ʻia i ka makahiki 1494 ma ke kauoha a nā mōʻī o Navarre e pale aku i ka hoʻohana ʻia e nā hopena o ke aupuni o Castile. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ke kumu o ka hale kākela.
Ua hoʻokō ka General Directorate of Culture-Príncipe de Viana Institution i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka faila hoʻolaha o ka Irulegi Complex (Valle de Araguren, Navarra), ma ke ʻano he Asset of Cultural Interest me ka māhele o Archaeological Zone.
