ʻO ka yew ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka yew maʻamau (Taxus baccata) he conifer i loaʻa ma nā ʻōnaehana mauna o ka ʻākau o ka Iberian Peninsula. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, loaʻa iā ia nā lau linear, e like me nā nila, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ʻelua mau lālani kūʻē.
Ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻanoʻano oʻo a puni i ka apo ʻiʻo a i ʻole spheroid, ʻulaʻula translucent, ʻike ʻia he aril.
ʻO ka yew he lāʻau kūʻokoʻa maoli, kahi e ulu ai nā lālā mai ke kumu mai, e pau ana i nā lau maikaʻi, kikoʻī, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ʻo kona kumu ʻole.
Ma nā wahi a pau o ka lāʻau, koe naʻe nā aril o nā hua, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi mea ʻawaʻawa i kapa ʻia ʻo taxine. He alkaloid hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i loko o ko mākou kino a me nā hopena ʻino i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
He mea ʻino loa ka ʻauhau, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e lawa ka wai i loaʻa mai ka kuke ʻana i 50-100 g o nā lau yew e hoʻopau i ke ola o ke kanaka.
Mai ʻAigupita kahiko a hiki i Numantia
I loko o nā kenekulia, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka lāʻau yew e kahi halo o ka mysticism a ua pili kona kiʻi me ke Ola, waiho ʻia kona mau lau ma ka puka o nā hale, a me ka Make, ua kanu ʻia i nā ilina. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kona hopena ʻino i ka wā kahiko. ʻIke ʻia ka numantinos, ma kahi o 133 a. mai C., ua hele i ka yew e hoʻokō i kahi hui pepehi kanaka a pale i ka hāʻule ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻauamo Roma.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau wahi ʻEulopa kahi i lilo ai ka yew i loko o ka moʻomeheu a me kona hopena make. No laila, aia kahi moʻolelo Irish e ʻōlelo nei i mea e mare ai i kahi ʻāina he mea pono i ka mea hoʻopiʻi ke lawe mai i kahi pua o ka holly, kahi pua marigold a me nā hua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke kakaka o Robin Hood, ke kanaka koa nāna i alakaʻi i ke kipi ma ka nahele ʻo Sherwood, ua hana ʻia me ka lāʻau yew. ʻO ia ka mea i hana ʻia ai kekahi sarcophagi ma ʻAigupita kahiko.
He kakaikahi na holoholona i pakele i ka make o ka yew, he pilikia ko'iko'i ia e ulu ai, a no laila, e ho'omau i kona mau genes, 'o ia ke kumu e ola loa ai keia mau laau a hiki i ke ola o kekahi mau la'au no hookahi tausani makahiki.
Eia kekahi laʻana, aia ka Community of Madrid, ma waena o kāna mau kumulāʻau kūikawā, ka Barondillo de Lozoya yew tree, aia ma waena o 1500 a me 1800 mau makahiki.
ʻO kahi inoa e kūʻē i nā ʻōpū
Etymologically, pili ka helu o kēia mau lāʻau i nā ʻino, he mammal o ka ʻohana mustelid e hana ana i kona mau lua paʻakikī ma waena o kona mau aʻa.
No nā kenekulia, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e uku no ka paʻi ʻino ʻana i ka yews ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka wā o Emperor Claudius, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka unuhi ʻana i ke kohu yew ma ke ʻano he antidote no ka nahu ʻana o ka nahesa a i ka Renaissance i manaʻo ʻia, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, he antirheumatic, antimalarial a me antiabortive.
ʻOiai ʻo nā mea a pau, aia i nā makahiki kanawalu o ke kenekulia i hala i ka wā i loaʻa ai kahi kaulana i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai kekahi mau haʻawina e ʻōlelo ana e hiki ke loaʻa kahi lāʻau (taxol) me nā waiwai anticancer mai ka ʻili yew. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano maʻi maʻi like ʻole i mālama maikaʻi ʻia me kēlā ʻano hui, i hana ʻia me ka synthetically me ka ʻole e ʻoki i ka yews.
NO KA MEA KAKAU
Peter Choker
