Ua hoʻomaka ka Cold War i ka makahiki 1946, i ka wā i ʻike ai ka Western Allies, ka mea i lanakila ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka USSR e kūʻē i ka Axis, i nā ʻano o ka mana hoʻomāinoino i hana ʻia e Stalin ma nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka Red Army. Ma hope a ma hope paha, ua hoʻopauʻia ka poʻe i liloʻole i poʻe pepehi kanaka o Moscow. ʻIke ʻia mai kā mākou hiʻohiʻona, e like me ka hōʻike pololei ʻana o Orlando Figes i kēia monograph kupaianaha, kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā ʻumi makahiki o ka noiʻi a me ke kākau ʻana i ka enigma o Rūsia, ʻo ia ʻano akamai o nā pelekikena, nā generals a me nā alakaʻi manaʻo he mea kupanaha. Manaʻo paha lākou e hoʻololi iki ka lanakila o ke kaua i ke alakaʻi Soviet, kahi pepehi kanaka psychopathic, no ka maikaʻi? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hana ʻo Churchill i kahi mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he mea kākau moʻolelo, kāna ʻoihana i aloha nui ʻia, i kona haʻi ʻana ma Missouri i ka makahiki 1946 ua hāʻule ka "pale hao" ma luna o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mahina i hala aku nei, he diploma ʻAmelika ʻōpio e lawelawe ana ma ka ʻelele ʻo Moscow, ʻo George F. Ua hoʻouna ʻo Kennan i kahi telegarapa i hōʻike ʻia i ka poʻe makaʻala ʻole. Ma kā lākou mau ʻōlelo ponoʻī, makemake ka poʻe Lūkini i ka maluhia, akā ʻo kā lākou ʻike mōʻaukala, i hoʻokala ʻia e ka komunisme, hōʻike iā lākou ʻo ka luku wale ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻenemi e hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā lākou i ka "palekana kūpono." ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke "kaua ʻāina" weliweli a lākou i hele ai i kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, no ka nui o ka hoihoi o ka makuakāne liʻiliʻi ʻo Stalin i kāna hui mua ʻana me Hitler a me ka luku ʻana o Polani, Finland a me nā repubalika Baltic. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe ESSAY 'The History of Russia' Author Orlando Figes Editorial Taurus Year 2022 Pages 480 Price 24,90 euros 5 ʻO nā manaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa a Kennan, i haku ʻia e Figes, loiloi i ka mea i hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kumu o kēia hana hewa, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ka ʻike ʻia " pololei i loko iho" -pale». Aia kahi kuʻuna ʻole o ka poʻe Lūkini e pili ana i nā mana o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mana o Moscow, ma ke ʻano, he mea hoʻomake a hoʻonui. Hiki paha, ʻaʻole paha? ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka reformism i ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, ka hoʻololi ʻana o kēlā ʻano hana ʻino, ʻaʻole ia he ʻoihana uku maikaʻi. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā tsars, nā kuhina a me nā aristocrats, ka poʻe i makemake e hoʻololi i nā keʻena, e hoʻopau wale i nā hihia maikaʻi loa i hoʻopunipuni ʻia, i ka pepehi ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana ma Siberian confines a i ʻole nā hale paʻahao haumia, ua lōʻihi loa ka manaʻo. Manaʻo ʻo Figes ʻo ka pathology o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana ma Rūsia ma muli o kekahi mau kūlana o ka mana, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e kau inoa ʻo ia i kekahi exceptionalism. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia e Figes, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o Slavophiles a me Westernizers, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻuhane Lūkini i manaʻo ʻia, ua lawelawe a hoʻokō i ke ʻano o nā moʻolelo noʻonoʻo a me ka hewa. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia e Figes, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻāina o Rusia. ʻO ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kēlā wahi, ka lanakila ʻana i kēlā ʻano like ʻole, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ʻano o ke kauoha ʻana me ka ʻole o ke kaulike: "ʻAʻole lawe wale ke tsar i kāna pahi kaua."
