Ke hoʻomākaukau nei ka EU i kahi pānaʻi kānāwai e kaupalena i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides ma kahi o nā kahua hoʻomoana. Ke manaʻo nei kēia manaʻo e hana i ka hoʻolālā Green Deal a me ka Farm to Fork i mea maoli. ʻIke ʻia nā pōʻino o nā pesticides kemika no ke olakino, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hopena dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological, carcinogenic, respiratory, reproductive and endocrine. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau pesticides kemika e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka heluna o nā pollinators, koʻikoʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Ke ʻimi nei ke kaulahao meaʻai agri-food i nā mea ʻokoʻa hoʻomau a me nā mea hou no ka mālama ʻana i nā pest. A ua kuhikuhi ʻia, no ka laʻana, AI. ʻO kahi laʻana ka papahana AgrarIA, kahi hui o 24 lehulehu a me nā hui pilikino i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e GMV, i loko o ke ʻano o ka Spain Digital 2025 Agenda a me ka National Artificial Intelligence Strategy.
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ka papahana ma o ka Artificial Intelligence R&D Missions Program a ke Kākau'ōlelo o ka Moku'āina no ka Digitization a me Artificial Intelligence (Sedia) o ke Kuhina ʻOihana Waiwai, me ka loaʻa kālā mai nā kālā o ka Recovery, Resilience and Transformation Plan. Hoʻokahi hihia hoʻohana i loko o ka papahana e pili ana i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa i nā huahana pale pest hou. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e Miguel Hormigo Ruiz, ka luna o ka GMV's Industry Sector: "Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka papahana ma kahi hoʻolālā hana e pili ana i nā koʻi nui ʻehā: ka hoʻokele data, hoʻomau, ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaulahao waiwai a me ka pili o ka Artificial Intelligence. manaʻo paepae. A i loko o nā hana a mākou e hana nei ma ka AI platform ka pilikia o nā pests ".
"He hui o nā drones e kiaʻi ana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kāmela kūikawā me kahi ākea ākea e ʻike ai i ka mālamalama, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona o kahi pest ma kahi lau kikoʻī o kahi mea kanu kikoʻī, e like me ka tōmato", hōʻike ʻo Hormigo.
Ke ʻike ʻia ka pest, hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻike i ka paepae. No ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana, e noʻonoʻo ʻo ia ka biopesticide kūpono loa a i ka manawa like e hōʻike ai ka ʻōnaehana inā ua kūkulu ʻia a i ʻole e hana koke ʻia. E hoʻolaha pū nā drones i kēlā biopesticide ma ke ala pololei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā micro-diffusers.
ʻaʻai 'inise' fungus
ʻO Glen Biotech, kahi hui i loaʻa e Symborg, ua hana pū me ka haʻuki 'Beauveria bassiana' 203, i mālama ʻia no nā kumu bioinsecticide. I kēia mau lā, ua hāʻawi ka mana o ʻEulopa i ka hoʻohana manuahi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Aia ka ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā iniseti e hoʻokumu i kahi maʻi maʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia haʻo, e nalowale ai lākou.
ʻO Symborg kahi hui hōʻailona me kahi papa inoa o nā huahana hoʻopilikia e like me nā biostimulants, biofertilizers a me nā hopena biocontrol e pili ana i nā microorganisms a me nā biomolecules. Loaʻa iā ia nā lālā me kāna hui ponoʻī ma ʻeiwa mau ʻāina, a me Sepania: Turkey, Kina, Palani, Pokukala, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Brazil.
ʻO nā manaʻo waiwai he kī nui ʻo AI i ka hoʻomalu pest (luna)/ Ainhoa Martínez, mea noiʻi o ka papahana Irnasa-CSIC ma ka hoʻokele microbiome (ma lalo hema)/ Hana ʻo Symborg mai Murcia i kahi ʻōnaehana e hoʻomalu i nā iniseti mai nā pests mahalo i ka fungus 'Beauveria bassiana' 203, ka mea e nalowale ai (ma lalo akau)
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Francisco Javier García Domínguez, Luna Hoʻokele o Symborg, ua koi kāna ʻehā iā lākou mai ka mākeke no kēia ʻano huahana: a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai a me ka pilikia ʻenehana o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea hana kahiko.
E pili ana i ka kānalua mau loa e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai o nā insecticides a me nā mea kanu olaola, ua ʻōlelo ʻo García Domínguez "ʻaʻole lākou he huahana kumukūʻai. E waiwai ana ka mahiai. ʻImi ka mea mahiʻai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā. Inā maikaʻi ka hopena, ʻaʻole ia he pipiʻi”.
I mua o ka poʻe e manaʻo nei ʻaʻole e loaʻa hou nā pesticides kemika, ua ʻōlelo ʻo García Domínguez "ʻaʻohe pane o ka biocontrol i nā pilikia āpau. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka mea e nalowale ai ka kemika kuʻuna. Pono e ʻimi i ka hoʻokele hui ʻana, i mea e hāʻawi ʻia ai nā pane kūpono a kūpaʻa i ka mea e ʻimi nei ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka luna kānāwai".
microbiome
Ke hana nei ka Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (Irnasa-CSIC) i ka noiʻi ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā microbiomes lepo e hana i nā mea kanu i ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i nā pests insect.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka microorganism no nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ua hoʻohana ʻia i kahi kahua moʻomeheu microorganism i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a i ʻole kahi consortium maʻalahi. Wahi a Ainhoa ka mea noiʻi nui o ka papahana, "ʻaʻole i maʻamau nā hopena, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe mahiʻai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā pilina a ke poina nei mākou i ka kaiaola holoʻokoʻa o ka lepo."
"ʻO ke ʻano hou loa ka hana ʻana me nā kaiāulu paʻakikī o nā microorganisms, ʻoiai nā microbiomes piha, e like me kā mākou hihia. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻihoʻi i kēlā microbiome kūlohelohe o nā mea kanu i mea e emi ai ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā pesticides, "wahi a Martínez.
A pehea e hana ʻia ai? "No ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka microbiome ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i ka hoʻolālā o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hua - wahi a ka mea noiʻi-. Ke ulu ka mea kanu i loko o ka lepo e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o kahi microbiome. Inā hoʻokomo mākou i mea kanu ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi microbiome e hiki ke kōkua i ka mea kanu hou e ulu i kēlā lepo. Hoʻohana mākou i nā mea kanu i nā haʻawina mua a mākou i hōʻoia ai e hiki ke hoʻohua i nā microbiomes pono, e like me kekahi mau wahi hānai maʻamau o ka dehesa. A laila ma luna o kēlā lepo a lākou i hoʻololi ai me kēlā microbiome mākou e kanu ai i nā ʻano o ka makemake mahiʻai, e like me nā ʻōmato a i ʻole letus ". I kēia manawa ke holo nei lākou i nā bioassays, akā i ka makahiki aʻe e lawe lākou i nā hoʻokolohua i ke kula.
Pāhawewe
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻokō ʻia no ka hakakā ʻana i nā pests ʻo ia ka mālama olaola me ka radiation. Ma Sepania, ʻo ka Center for Biological Pest Control, kahi mea kanu ma Caudete de las Fuentes (Valencia), he paionia i kēia ʻenehana mai 2007. Maanei ʻo ia e pili ana i ke ʻano nui o ka hakakā ʻana i ka lele Mediterranean, ka mea nui e pili ana i nā hua citrus. Ma hope o ka sterilization o nā kāne, lawe ʻia kahi hoʻokuʻu nui, ka mea e pale ai i ka fertilization a mālama i nā mea kanu.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻomalu ai i nā pests ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pheromones. ʻO nā pheromones nā mea kūlohelohe i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā wahine o kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻoulu i ke kāne e mare. Inā hoʻopau ʻoe i nā kope o kāu ʻala i kāu mea kanu, e ʻike ʻoe e hahai ana ke kāne i ke ala. Hoʻemi kēia i ka helehelena a me ka heluna kanaka.
