Takardun jama'a na dijital ya kasance jigon taron da aka gudanar a ranar 13 da 14 ga Fabrairu a cikin tsarin ICADE-Fundación Notariado Shugaban kan Tsaro na doka a cikin Digital Society. Taron, wanda aka tsara shi a sassa biyu, an sadaukar da shi ga takaddar lantarki azaman sabon kayan aikin daftarin aiki da ingantaccen digitization na takaddar notarial, Abel Veiga, Dean na Faculty of Law na Comillas Pontifical University (Comillas ICADE) ne ya buɗe shi, kuma Segismundo Álvarez , mataimakin darektan kujera.
Veiga ya ce sha'awa ta ban mamaki ta taso a ranar, tare da yin rajista sama da ɗari akan layi. A nasa bangaren, Álvarez ya yi nuni da kimar fannin daftarin aiki a cikin Doka: "Duk wani masanin shari'a yana sane da mahimmancin takardu idan ya zo ga tabbatar da hakki." Ga notary, waɗannan tarurrukan sun dace daidai da manufar shugabar: "Goge shari'a akan ingantaccen ilimin fasahar fasaha."
Sofia Puente, Babbar Daraktar Tsaro ta Shari’a da Imani da Jama’a ce ta gudanar da taron rufe taron, wadda ta ce: “A cikin Gudanar da Shari’a, mun daɗe muna shiga hanyar yin dijital. Hanya ce da ba za a iya tsayawa ba kuma ba za a iya jurewa ba kuma Notariat na Spain ba zai iya tsayawa daga wannan hanyar ba. "
ranar farko
Bayani da wutar lantarki. Digitization a matsayin mataki na abu zuwa ga maras tushe, a karkashin taken taron farko, wanda notary da darektan kujeru, Manuel González-Meneses ya gabatar. A cikin jawabin nasa, ya tabbatar da cewa: "Dokar ita ce tunani, bayanai, bayanai ... Idan dabarar ta ba mu hanyoyin sadarwa mafi inganci a yau, yin rikodi da adana bayanan, wanda kuma ya yadu a cikin al'ummarmu, kuma idan lamarin ya faru. na Bayani a yau ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a baya, a matsayin lauyoyi ba za mu iya rayuwa tare da baya ga wannan gaskiyar ba, ba za mu iya danganta makomarmu zuwa fasahar takarda ba. "
Bayan haka, teburin zagaye na farko, Daga al'ada zuwa takaddun lantarki, notary Juan Álvarez-Sala ne ya daidaita shi kuma yana da mai magana José Ángel Martínez Sanchiz, shugaban Babban Majalisar Notaries da Gidauniyar Notaries, da José Antonio Vega, Farfesa na Dokar Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Extremadura.
Martínez Sanchiz ya yi rikodin tarihin daftarin doka, yana komawa zuwa teburin mashaya, alluna, papyri da fakiti. "Hanyar zuwa ga gaskiya -ya nuna - tana da tsayi kuma mai wahala. Za a haɗa hatimin a cikin allunan Roman da kuma cikin papyri na kwangilar tallace-tallace. Waɗancan tambarin kan abin wani suna tunawa da sa hannun lantarki na yanzu. An danganta sahihanci da amincin marubucin: veritas da legalitas, da kuma la’akari da notary a matsayin wakilin jama’a”.
José Antonio Vega ya kasance mai kula da 'electronification' na takardun doka, wanda - a ra'ayinsa - ba ya haifar da sabon nau'i na shari'a, amma canji a cikin sharuddan lamba, tallafi da tsari. Farfesan ya yi nuni da cewa "sababbin fasahohi sun samar da wani sabon kayan aiki, daftarin lantarki, wanda ke mayar da martani ga juyin halittar harshe sadarwa a tsakanin maza da kuma cewa alamun bayanai na iya zama masu girman girman jiki."
A cikin m colloquium, Martínez Sanchiz, fuskantar da ra'ayi na doka daftarin aiki a matsayin kawai "haifuwa" wani aiki don dalilai na shaida, tabbatar da darajar daftarin aiki a matsayin wani nau'i na magana na negotiable nufin, sabili da haka a matsayin wani kashi cewa. yana ba da wanzuwar kasuwanci a cikin duniyar doka ba ta iyakance ga filin shari'a ba.
Fasahar daftarin lantarki shine batun kwamiti na biyu, wanda ya nuna José María Anguiano, lauya kuma wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, da Rafael Palacios da Javier Jarauta, duka injiniyoyin masana'antu da furofesoshi a cikin Sashen Watsa Labarai na ICAI da Kwamfuta.
Anguiano ya bayyana ra'ayi da nau'ikan amfani daban-daban na hashes (ko hotunan yatsa na fayil), azaman kayan aikin sirri don tabbatar da amincin fayilolin lantarki. Palacios yayi bayanin aikin asymmetric cryptography algorithms da kuma amfani da su azaman kayan aiki don cimma sirri da garantin asali ko sa hannu, shawara kan yuwuwar tasirin ci gaban ƙididdigar ƙididdiga akan amincin wannan algorithm. A takaice, Jarauta ya yi magana game da matsalar kiyayewa na tsawon lokaci na fayilolin kwamfuta da kuma zane-zane ga mahalarta taron dangane da sa hannu na lantarki na dogon lokaci don kiyaye yiwuwar tantancewa na tsawon lokaci na takaddun lantarki.
Teburi na uku yana mai da hankali kan daftarin lantarki na yanayin jama'a, a cikin nau'ikansa uku na gudanarwa, shari'a da takaddun shaida. Tare da notary Francisco Javier García Más a matsayin mai gudanarwa, masu magana sune Antonio David Bering, mataimakin farfesa na PhD a Dokar Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Pablo de Olavide na Seville; Juan Ignacio Cerdá, lauya kuma mataimakin farfesa na Dokokin Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Murcia, da notary Itziar Ramos.
Bering ya bayyana ci gaban da aka samu a cikin duk fayilolin gudanarwa na lantarki da fassarar su zuwa takaddun gudanarwa a cikin tallafin lantarki na musamman, yana jawo hankali ga manufar sarrafa takardu da bambanci tsakanin digitization na takaddun takarda da aka rigaya da kuma menene ainihin takaddar lantarki. Ga Cerdá, “a Spain har yanzu ba za mu iya yin magana game da adalci na lantarki ba. Akwai matsalolin tsari da na sirri: gazawar hukumomin shari'a, na alkalai da masu gabatar da kara. Haka kuma ba a aiwatar da sabon hedkwatar shari'a ba kuma akwai matsalolin rashin jin daɗi na fasaha, rashin haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin gudanarwar tsari. A daya hannun, Ramos ya yi magana da yanayin digitization na notarial kararraki, wanda shi ne kafa tare da jijiya na shekaru da Dokar 24/2001, wanda ya ci gaba, asali daftarin aiki notarial ko matrix a cikin tsarin lantarki, yarda da aika aika. na izini da sauƙi na kwafi na lantarki, amma ƙuntata ikon kewayawa na tsohon.
rana ta biyu
Teburin zagaye na gaba, wanda aka keɓe ga ƙwarewar Turai, na yanayi na duniya tare da sa hannun David Siegel, wani ɓangare na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Jamus; Jeroen Van Der Weele, notary public na Netherlands; da Jorge Batista da Silva, shugaban kungiyar notary ta Portugal.
David Siegel ya gabatar da tsarin da aka riga aka karɓa a cikin Jamus wanda, canza Jagorar 2019/1151, ya ba da izinin tsarin tsarin telematic na kamfanoni masu iyakancewa da gabatar da su a cikin rajistar Mercantile. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin fasaha waɗanda ke ba da izinin aikin notarial a nesa tare da garanti iri ɗaya kamar na mutum da sabon tsarin mulki da tsarin don ƙirƙira da adana kayan aikin lantarki.
Van Der Weele ya yi nuni da cewa, a ci gaban da ake samu a majalisar dokoki a kasarsa, "zai yiwu ne kawai a kafa kamfanoni masu iyaka a gaban jama'a" saboda har yanzu ba su saba da umarnin ba, amma ya bayyana cewa akwai aikin majalisa mai kama da ma'aunin Jamus. Da Silva, a nasa bangaren, ya ce Dokar Fotigal ta 126/2021 ta kafa tsarin doka na wucin gadi don ba da izini, ta hanyar taron bidiyo, ƙaddara ayyukan jama'a da kuma fayyace hanyar saukar da telematic kwafin kwafin lantarki.
Bayan haka, notary Carlos Higuera ya ba da taron al'amuran da suka shafi lissafin don canza umarnin digitization na manyan kamfanoni a cikin takaddar notarial. A ciki, ya gudanar da bincike mai fayyace game da lissafin 121/000126 da ake aiwatarwa a halin yanzu a cikin Majalisar Wakilai, kamar yadda ya shafi takaddun shaida, tare da sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar gabatar da ka'idar lantarki wanda ya nuna duk ka'idar takarda da cewa karkashin ikon da daidai titular notary za a adana da kuma adana a cikin tsarin na Babban Majalisar notaries; da kuma yiwuwar bayar da sanarwar ba da izini ga wasu nau'ikan takardu, daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haɗa kamfanoni da sauran ayyukan rayuwar kamfanoni.
Makomar takardar sanarwa ita ce tebur zagaye na ƙarshe na Majalisar. Tare da shiga tsakani na notaries José Carmelo Llopis, Fernando Gomá da Javier González Granado, José Cabrera, lauya kuma mai bincike a Jami'ar Comillas, ya zama mai gudanarwa.
Llopis ya mayar da hankalinsa game da bayar da kyauta mai nisa, a matsayin hanyar ba da takardun lantarki. Musamman mai jawabi ya raba jawabin nasa zuwa abubuwa uku. Na farko, buƙatar tashoshi mai tsaro don samar da takaddun da ake bukata don bayarwa ga notary. Na biyu, ƙarfafa fayil ɗin lantarki na notary. Na uku, fa'idodin daftarin lantarki, musamman, haɗin gwiwar sa.
Gomá ya gabatar da takarda kan kwafin lantarki a cikin gajimare. Bayan nazarin tsarin na yanzu don ba da kwafin lantarki da aka ba da izini kawai don isar da wasu notaries, rajista ko gudanarwa ko hukumomin shari'a da kuma takamaiman manufa, sabon tsarin fitar da takardar sanarwa wanda zai zo da ita an yi maganin lissafin da aka ambata. wanda zai ba da damar yin amfani da kwafin ta hanyar lantarki ga duk mutumin da ya nuna sha'awa ta halal.
A takaice, González Granado yayi magana game da batun matrix da ka'idar lantarki, yana mai da hankali ga fa'idodin matrix na lantarki wanda za a yi la'akari da shi ya haɗa da abun ciki mai ƙarfi ta hanyar hyperlinks.
