A cikin 'La violoncellista', sabon labari da aka buga a Spain ta Daniel Silva, mai kula da intrigues na kasa da kasa, ya ambaci kansa ga kungiyar Wagner, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta asalin asalin Rasha wacce aka kunna a sassa daban-daban na duniya tare da manufar, a fili, don sarrafa wasu 'kasashen da ba kasafai ba'. Daga cikin dalilan da suka haddasa mamayar kasar Ukraine, akwai tarin tarin lithium da aka adana a karkashin kasa, wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin sabuwar tattalin arziki ... Tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ci gaban masana'antu da kuma dunkulewar duniya a baya ya haifar da karuwar yawan amfanin gonaki har sau takwas. karafa
Ƙarin bayanai: akan musayar ƙarfe na London, farashin nickel ya ninka sau huɗu, kuma wani abu makamancin haka ya faru da palladium.
Platinum, rhodium, cobalt, beryllium, borate, niobium, tantalum ... wanda jama'a ba su sani ba, amma ana amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullum: wayoyin hannu, filayen iska, motocin lantarki, da dai sauransu. A cikin wannan mahallin, kasar Sin tana sarrafa, bisa ga binciken binciken kasa na Amurka, kashi 60% na 'kasa da ba kasafai ba a duniya' kuma, bisa ga binciken da jami'ar Belgium (KU Leuven) ta yi, Turai na iya shan wahala, a kusa da 2030, karancin wadatar kayayyaki a duniya. na karafa irin su lithium, cobalt, nickel, 'rare earths' da jan karfe.
Manufa 2030
EU ta dogara sosai akan kayan da aka shigo da su kamar cobalt (86%); lithium da 'rare earths' (a 100%), aluminum, nickel da jan karfe daga Rasha, da dai sauransu. Saboda tana da iyakokin yanayin ƙasa, dole ne EU ta mai da hankali kan rarrabuwar kawuna da rashin karkata zuwa kasuwannin kayayyaki na duniya, tare da canjin yanayin da ake buƙata idan ana buƙatar gano sabbin hanyoyin samar da wadatar cikin gida tare da manyan kariyar muhalli da zamantakewa. . Aƙalla binciken jami'ar Belgium ya gano cewa sabbin ma'adanai na ƙasa suna rufe tsakanin 5% zuwa 55% na mahimman buƙatun su na ƙarfe nan da 2030, tare da manyan ayyukan hakar lithium da 'rare ƙasa'.
Bukatar karafa na farko a cikin EU zai kai kololuwa a cikin 2040. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana sanya sake yin amfani da shi azaman ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da za su iya taimakawa wajen samun wadatar kai da tsaro na dabaru, wanda ke ƙarfafa manyan saka hannun jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa. Idan muka yi magana game da sarrafa Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Global E-Waste Monitor 2020 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya nuna yadda a cikin 2019 aka kai rikodin samar da sharar lantarki a duniya da tan miliyan 53,6, 21% A cikin shekaru biyar kacal… amma alkaluma sun nuna cewa alkaluma sun kai dala miliyan 57.000 na kayayyakin da za a iya dawo dasu, kusa da GDP na shekara-shekara na Slovenia ko Lithuania.
Manufofin da ci gaban ka'idoji a cikin sarrafa sharar gida suna da mahimmanci, a lokutan da za su iya nufin dama ga kamfanoni da wuraren aiki a haɓaka. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya na sabbin fasahohi kuma suna ƙarfafa rawar dabara na daidaitaccen sarrafa WEEE da 'haƙar ma'adinai na birni', a cikin dabarun Turai da na ƙasa don haɓaka tattalin arzikin madauwari. Barkewar cutar ta kawar da bukatar kayayyakin lantarki da lantarki a wuraren aiki da kuma a gida.
Idan sake amfani da sake amfani da su sun riga sun zama ƙalubale ga dukan EU, wanda Gidauniyar Ecolec ke aiki kusan shekaru ashirin, yanzu ya zama abu mai gaggawa a lokutan 4Rs: Maimaita, Sake Amfani, Ragewa da Gyara, daidai da Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa na Ajandar 2030.
Gidauniyar Ecolec, wacce aka kirkira a cikin 2004 ta Associationungiyar Masu Kera Kayan Aikin Farin Layi da Masu shigo da kaya (Anfel) da Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Masu Kayayyakin Kayan Aiki (FAPE), suna sarrafa kusan tan 125.000 na irin wannan sharar gida a Spain a cikin 2021, 8% ƙari. a matsakaici idan aka kwatanta da 2020 (21% a cikin ƙarin yawan jama'a). Ita ce kawai SCRAP (Tsarin Haɗin kai don Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Samfura) wanda ke sarrafa sama da ton 100.000 a cikin shekaru biyar, duk da annoba da yanayi na musamman ta kowane fanni.
sabon dawowa
Babu buƙatar shakatawa a cikin ƙoƙarin, tun da sababbin ƙalubalen sun taso, kamar haɓakar tallace-tallace ta hanyar Intanet (20% na jimlar a Spain a cikin 2019, 33% a 2021), tare da abin da wannan ke nufi ga tarin, gudanarwa. da sake amfani da su. Kuma abin da ya kara da cewa shi ne karancin albarkatun kasa da wahalar hako kayan daga yanayi don kera sabbin na’urori, yayin da na’urorin lantarki ke ci gaba da yaduwa wanda a karshen zagayowar amfani da su, za a bayyana shi a cikin ‘ma’adinan birane’. na karni na XNUMX.
Ingantacciyar sake amfani da wannan sharar na'urorin lantarki zai ba da damar kera sabbin na'urori don haka inganta tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Da'irar, ƙirƙirar sabbin tsire-tsire masu sake amfani da su da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin fasaha, tare da fa'idodin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa babu shakka. A kasa, Fundación Ecolec ya gudanar, a Spain kadai, 31.705.932 kg. na sharar sanyi a cikin 2021, inda aka ba da izinin dawo da ton 902 na aluminum, 175 na carbon, 12,8 na ƙarfe na ƙarfe da 129 na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe. Taimakawa sosai don haɓaka duniya mai dorewa.
