Wani bincike na wucin gadi daga DeepMind, wani kamfani na Google, ya yi nasarar yin hasashen tsarin sunadaran sunadarai miliyan 200, kusan dukkaninsu kimiyya sun sani. Waɗannan bayanai, waɗanda ke samuwa ga kowa da kowa, suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar ilimin halitta na dukkan abubuwa masu rai a duniya kuma suna iya haifar da haɓaka sabbin magunguna ko fasahohin yaƙi da gurɓataccen filastik ko juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Sunadaran sune tubalan ginin rayuwa. An yi shi da sarƙoƙi na amino acid, suna naɗewa zuwa cikakkun sifofi, tsarin 3D wanda galibi ke ƙayyadaddun ayyukansu. Sanin yadda ake ninka furotin ya ba mu damar ƙoƙarin fahimtar yadda yake aiki da kuma yadda yake aiki, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan kalubale na ilimin halitta fiye da shekaru biyar.
A bara, DeepMind ya ba wa masana kimiyya mamaki ta hanyar fitar da lambar don AlphaFold. Tsarin sunadaran miliyan guda, gami da dukkan sunadaran da ke jikin ɗan adam, ana samun su a cikin rumbun adana bayanai da aka gina tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halittar Halitta ta Turai (EMBL), cibiyar bincike ta duniya.
Gano har abada ya canza ilmin halitta da magani. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan kuma tare da babban madaidaicin, masu binciken sun sami damar samun bayanai masu mahimmanci, alal misali, game da sunadaran da ke cikin cututtuka daban-daban. Mujallar 'Kimiyya' ta amince da aikin a matsayin mafi mahimmanci binciken kimiyya na shekara.
Rashin abinci da cututtuka
Sabuwar sabuntawa tare da sunadaran miliyan 200, babban saurin gudu daga farkon niƙa, ya haɗa da sifofi don shuke-shuke, ƙwayoyin cuta, dabbobi, da yawa, sauran halittu masu yawa, buɗe babbar dama ga AlphaFold don yin tasiri akan mahimman batutuwa kamar dorewa, mai. , Rashin abinci da cututtuka da aka yi watsi da su", in ji Demis Hassabis na Burtaniya, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na DeepMind, daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin binciken leken asiri na wucin gadi a duniya. An ba da kyautar a wannan shekara tare da lambar yabo ta Gimbiya Asturia don Binciken Kimiyya da Fasaha, Hassabis, wanda ya kasance yaro ƙwararren ƙwanƙwasa kuma mai tsara wasannin kwamfuta, ya yi imanin cewa masana kimiyya za su iya amfani da binciken don ƙara fahimtar cututtuka da kuma hanzarta ƙirƙira a cikin gano magunguna. da ilmin halitta.
Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2020, fiye da masu bincike 500 daga ƙasashe 000 sun shiga AlphaFold sama da tsarin 190 miliyan. Sun yi amfani da shi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don gano sunadaran da ke shafar lafiyar kudan zuma da fitar da ingantaccen rigakafin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. A watan Mayu, masu binciken da Jami'ar Oxford ke jagoranta sun sanar da cewa sun yi amfani da wannan algorithm don taimakawa wajen tantance tsarin babban furotin na cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma tabbatar da cewa mai yuwuwa magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta na iya toshe yaduwar kwayar cutar.
makaman nukiliya
Wani nasarar amfani da AlphaFold ya haɗa hadaddun ramin nukiliya, ɗaya daga cikin wasanin gwada ilimi na ilimin halitta. Tsarin ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan sassan furotin kuma yana sarrafa duk abin da ke shiga da fita daga cikin tantanin halitta. An kuma yi amfani da ita wajen kai wa ga cututtuka irin su leishmaniasis da cutar Chagas, wadanda ba su dace ba, wadanda ke shafar mutane a yankunan da suka fi fama da talauci, ko kuturta da schistosomiasis, cuta mai tsanani da na kullum da tsutsotsin tsutsotsi ke haifarwa, wanda ke lalata rayuwar fiye da mutane biliyan a duniya.
Kayan aiki zai adana masu bincike lokaci mai yawa, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da sifofin sunadarai aiki ne mai wuyar gaske. "AlphaFold ci gaba ne na musamman kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwa wanda ke nuna ikon AI. Ƙayyade tsarin 3D na furotin da ake amfani da shi na ɗaukar watanni ko shekaru masu yawa, yanzu yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa,” in ji Eric Topol, wanda ya kafa kuma darektan Cibiyar Binciken Scripps. Hassabis ya kwatanta shi da wani abu mai sauƙi kamar yin binciken Google.
Per Jesús Pérez Gil, Farfesa na Ilimin Halittu da Kimiyyar Halitta a Jami'ar Complutense ta Madrid, Hasashen AlphaFold ya ba da shawarar "babban canji" a cikin ƙarfin bincikensa. AMINCI na wucin gadi hankali «ya kasance mai ban mamaki ya zuwa yanzu, fiye da yadda za a iya zato. Yana da ban mamaki cewa yawancin waɗannan gine-gine suna kama da juna idan aka gan su da gwaji, "in ji shi. Mai binciken ya tunatar da cewa waɗannan siminti ne, kuma dole ne a tabbatar da su duka tare da nazarin gwaji. Mataki na gaba ba zai ƙunshi fahimtar tsarin sunadarai kawai ba, har ma a cikin bayyana yadda suke canzawa lokacin da suke hulɗa da juna ko tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta.
“Proteins su ne ke yin mafi yawan ayyuka a cikin sel da kyallen takarda. Sanin yadda aka samar da su da kuma yadda suke nuna hali lokacin da suke hulɗa da juna ko tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta zai ba mu damar haɓaka maƙasudin warkewa don magunguna, bincika fasahar kere-kere ko masana'antu a cikin masana'antar abinci, hanyoyin masana'antu ko dorewar muhalli", in ji Pérez Gil .
