Hoton Schackleton, a daya daga cikin balaguron balaguron sa - ABCIsrael VianaMadridAn sabunta: 14/03/2022 04:13h
“Ba tare da ƙari ba, shi ne mafi kyawun jirgin ruwa da ya nutse a cikin katako da na taɓa gani. Yana tsaye tsayi, yana alfahari a kan gaɓar teku, cikakke kuma cikin kyakkyawan yanayin kiyayewa. Wani ci gaba ne a tarihin polar, "ya tabbatar wa ABC Mensun Bound ranar Laraba. Darakta na balaguron da ya gano jirgin Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922) ya haskaka, ya sami damar gano Endurance da aka rasa kuma an manta da shi a zurfin mita 3.008, a cikin Tekun Weddell, fiye da karni guda.
An fara rubuta mummunan ƙarshen jirgin Shackleton a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1915, tun da za a kama babban brig ɗin a cikin kogin kankara. Mai binciken ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama mutum na farko da ya tsallaka Antarctica ta Pole ta Kudu, amma bai yi nasara ba.
Bayan watanni da dama da aka toshe, Endurance ya sami lalacewa daga zanen kankara lokacin da ya sami damar narke a cikin bazara kuma ya rushe har abada. An tilasta wa mai binciken da mutanensa yin tsayayya a cikin wani aiki mai ban mamaki na rayuwa wanda ya ƙare cikin mu'ujiza cikin nasara bayan watanni takwas.
+ bayanaiMemory na Schacklenton, a cikin ABC Cultural, a cikin 2015 - ABC
An cece su duka, sun mai da wancan yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan bincike. Abin da ba wanda ya tuna, shi ne, Shackleton ya ratsa ta Galicia, kamar yadda ABC ta ruwaito a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1914. Kanun labarai ya karanta: 'Expedition to the South Pole'. Ana iya karanta wani ci gaba: “A cikin jirgin ruwa na Biritaniya, sanannen mai binciken Ingilishi Shackleton ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Vigo, wanda ke kan hanyar zuwa Buenos Aires, daga nan, ya fara wata sabuwar tafiya zuwa Pole ta Kudu da za ta wuce biyu. shekaru. An biya kuɗin tafiyar rashin tsoro ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da Sarki George V ya fara tare da fam 10.000.
Kadan daga cikin masu fafutuka na zamaninsa da sun tayar da ƙin Shackleton. Tallace-tallacen da ya buga a cikin manema labarai don ɗaukar ƴan sa kai ya nuna mummunan gaskiyar aikin: “Maza suna son tafiya mai haɗari. Low soja. Tsananin sanyi. Dogon watanni na cikakken duhu. Hatsari na yau da kullun. Ba lafiya a dawo da rai ba. Daraja da karramawa idan aka samu nasara”. Amma duk da gargadin, an gabatar da 'yan takara sama da 5000.
Mahaukaci
Tafiyar ta kasance mahaukaci, domin Tekun Weddell ya kasance ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba tun lokacin da wani mafarauci na Ingilishi ya gano shi a cikin uku na farko na ƙarni na XNUMX. Yawancin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa sun gwada wannan ba tare da nasara ba kafin Shackleton. Don wannan dole ne a ƙara tafiya da ƙafa da za su yi a Antarctica idan sun isa gaci, amma ba su yi nasara ba. Hujjar wahalar ita ce mamaki da rashin imani da Roald Amundsen, mutum na farko da ya isa yankin Kudancin Kudancin, ya bayyana lokacin da ya bayyana masa shirinsa.
+ Shafi na bayanai daga 1914 yana ba da labarin hanyar Shackleton ta Vigo - ABC
Jaridar Spain ta kasance tana bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da aikin watanni kafin wucewa ta Vigo. A cikin Maris, 'El Heraldo Militar' ya ruwaito cewa Shackleton yana Norway yana shirye-shiryen tafiya: "Ya zaɓi wannan ƙasa saboda, a wannan lokacin na shekara, yankin yana ba da wurare da yawa da dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe inda zai iya yin aiki kamar yadda yake a cikin gundumomi. ". 'La Correspondencia de España' ya ba da haske game da takaddamar da ke gudana tare da mai binciken dan kasar Austria Felix König, wanda ya tabbatar da 'yancinsa na fifiko kuma ya rubuta masa wasiƙa da ke cewa: 'Ba zai yiwu ba ga balaguron biyu su tashi daga Tekun Weddell. Ina fatan za ku zabi wani wurin farawa."
Duk da haka, akwai matsala mafi girma a kan Shackleton wanda ya girgiza babban kasadarsa. A wannan rana da jirgin Endurance ya tashi daga birnin Landan a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1914, Jamus ta shelanta yaki da Rasha. Ita ma Faransa wacce aka yi wa lakabi da na baya-bayan nan, ta yi haka da Jamus. Yanayin yaki ya mamaye balaguro tun daga rana ta farko, yayin da suke tafiya cikin tekun Thames. Da farko, jaruminmu ya haura zuwa duniya kuma ya gano cewa jaridu sun ba da sanarwar taron gama gari a Burtaniya. A wannan lokacin, Antarctica ya zama ba a iya isa ga wata kamar wata.
da kishin kasa
Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin yadda duk wanda ke cikin jirgin ya ji labarin fara yakin duniya na farko. Kishin kasa ya sanya suka yi watsi da duk wani abu da zai zo domin kare kasarsu. Shackleton, ba shakka, ya kuma yi la'akari da yiwuwar hakan, ko da yake tafiya ce ta mafarkinsa. Da safiyar nan ya tara mutanensa a kan jirgin ruwa ya gaya musu cewa za su iya shiga sahu idan suna so. Sa'an nan kuma ya aika da Admiralty don ba da jirginsa, ko da yake ya kara da cewa, "idan babu wanda ya yi la'akari da shi wajibi ne, ya yi tunanin ya dace don barin da wuri-wuri don isa Antarctica a kudancin rani", in ji Javier Cacho a ' Shackleton, el indomable' (Forcola, 2013).
+ Hoton balaguron balaguron da Amudsen ya jagoranta zuwa Pole ta Kudu jim kaɗan kafin - ABC
Bayan sa'a daya, har yanzu yana jin tsoron cewa shirinsa zai rushe, ya sami amsa a takaice daga Admiralty: "Ci gaba." Daga nan aka mika mata telegram na biyu daga Winston Churchill, inda ya yi mata godiya a cikin yanayi mai haske da kuma dumbin tayin da ta yi mata sannan ya umarce ta da ta ci gaba da tafiya. Yayin da duniya ta fada cikin yaki mafi muni a tarihi har zuwa wannan lokacin, ya ketare tashar Ingilishi da rashin cikakkiyar lamiri.
Kwana guda bayan haka, Endurance ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Plymouth, kiransa na ƙarshe a Burtaniya kafin ya tashi zuwa Buenos Aires. A wannan lokacin ne Shackleton ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai raka su ta tekun Atlantika ba kuma ya koma London don yin kasuwanci. A babban birnin kasar ya shaida macijin da aka yi a baya-bayan nan inda al'amura suka faru, na adawa da ayyana yaki da kasarsa ta yi kan Jamus a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta. Kwana ɗaya daga baya ya sadu da George V, wanda ya gaya masa game da bukatunsa na kansa da kuma Crown cewa balaguron ba zai shafi rikicin ba.
A cikin hanyar Vigo
Duk da irin goyon bayan da ya samu, Shackleton bai fayyace ko menene matsayinsa ba. Wasu jaridu sun soki shi saboda shawarar da ya yanke na zuwa Antarctica lokacin da Biritaniya ke kan bakin ramuka. "Ƙasar tana buƙatar ku," in ji fastocin da aka bazu a ko'ina cikin London lokacin da ya gudanar da tafiyarsa zuwa Galicia a kan tudun 'Uruguay' a ƙarshen Satumba. A wannan lokacin, Jamusawa sun kasance a ƙofar birnin Paris yayin da ya yi hawansa a Spain don tashi daga can don saduwa da Endurance da mutanenta a Buenos Aires.
+ bayanan Tarihi na ceton Shackleton - ABC
'Shackleton a Vigo', ana iya karantawa a cikin jaridar 'Informaciones de Madrid'. A can ne mai binciken ya ci gaba da shakkar ko zai ci gaba da wannan balaguron da ya kwashe shekaru yana shirye-shiryensa, kuma ya kashe makudan kudade a ciki, ko kuma zai “aike ta ta sha guba,” kamar yadda ya shaida wa manema labarai lokacin da suka tambaye shi. shi. Yana da ma'ana cewa ya ji mamakin duk abin da ke faruwa a cikin tafawar Galici da suka je tarbar shi a tashar jiragen ruwa.
“Mutane da yawa sun tarbi Shackleton a cikin jirgin waɗanda suka yi tambaya game da galleons waɗanda, a cikin 1702, suka tashi daga wannan gaɓar da manyan kayayyaki na zinariya, azurfa da duwatsu masu daraja. Kamar yadda ya bayyana, shi da kansa ya yi niyyar aiwatar da aikin kwato dukiyoyin kafin ya shirya balaguro zuwa Pole ta Kudu, ”in ji ABC. Wannan sha'awar ta kasance tana tuno da ɗabi'ar sa na ƙuruciyarsa na neman ɓoyayyun dukiya, duk da cewa hankalinsa yana wani waje yanzu.
Daga karshe abokinsa James Caird, dan kasar Scotland mai taimakon jama'a ya kawar da shakkunsa, wanda, kamar yadda ya fada, yana da sauki a sami dubban daruruwan matasan da suka yi gudun hijira zuwa yaki, amma mai yiwuwa ba zai yiwu a sami wanda zai iya, kamar shi, Ƙaddamarwa ba. kalubalen wannan balaguron. Daga nan ya tafi Buenos Aires don jurewa a daidai lokacin da yake tanadi don tafiya ta ƙarshe ta rayuwarsa.
