"Shahararrun zane-zane na 'El Espectador' sun cancanci a yi musu bulala mai kyau ga editocin waccan takarda. Bai isa a kwace lambobin ba. Don kawo ƙarshen munanan jaridu, wajibi ne a kashe 'yan jarida", in ji Ramón María Narváez a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Janar Fernando Fernández de Cordova ne ya tattara kalmomin a cikin 'Tsarin Tunawa' (Rivadeneyra, 1889), inda ya tuna da yadda Firayim Minista na sau bakwai, a lokacin mulkin Isabel II, ya "ɓata shi kuma ya wulakanta shi" wanda ya tayar da hankali. zane mai ban dariya na manema labarai. Misalin duk waɗannan ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga iko da al'umma da aka buga a cikin jaridun Mutanen Espanya, a cikin wannan karni na tarihin mu, ana nunawa daga yau har zuwa 26 ga Fabrairu, 2023 a Gidan Tarihi na Romanticism a Madrid. "Misalin da ke taimaka mana ga jama'a don gano cewa ba'a da kuma yadda muke wakilta ba su canza ba, a zahiri, ba komai ba," mai kula da nunin, Mónica Rodríguez Subirana, ta nuna wa ABC. A cikin 'Don murmushi duniya. Caricature, satire da barkwanci a cikin Romanticism suna nuna tarin tarin ƴan jaridu na tarihi daga tarin kayan tarihin, waɗanda ba a saba nunawa ba saboda buƙatun kiyaye su na musamman. Pieces tare da dabaru da tsari daban-daban waɗanda ke tsakanin satire, caricature da zane. Ga waɗannan ana ƙara wasu lamuni daga National Library of Spain, kamar zane 'Lady Macbeth'. An yi ta ɗan'uwan Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, Valeriano, da launuka biyu na 'Los Borbones en pelota', mafi yawan kayan satirical da caricature na karni na XNUMX, wanda aka sadaukar don sukar Isabel II da clique. 'Farkon tafiya da ƙarshen tafiya a kan jirgin ƙasa mai sauri', na Francisco Ortego, wanda aka buga a cikin 'El Cascabel' a 1866 Museum of Romanticism. BNE ta sayi su daga wani mutum mai zaman kansa a cikin 80s. An yi su ne a shekara ta 1868, bayan faduwar sarauniya da farkon juyin juya halin shekaru shida na juyin juya halin Musulunci, a lokacin da sukar mulki ya bazu da karfi ta hanyar wadannan zane-zanen zane-zane, inda aka sanya 'yan siyasa da membobin Masarautar a cikin fage masu ban sha'awa. , har ma, na yanayin batsa”, ya jaddada mai kula. Baje kolin ya kunshi jigogi guda biyu masu muhimmanci: a bangare guda, amfani da wadannan zane-zanen a matsayin makamin siyasa na adawa da mulki, wanda ya samu nasarar mayar da martanin gwamnatoci daban-daban ta hanyar yin katsalandan mai karfi, a daya bangaren kuma, sukar al'umma. Alal misali, zane mai ban dariya da aka buga a cikin mujallar 'El Cascabel', inda za ku iya ganin iyali suna jin dadin tafiya a kan "jirgin jirgin kasa mai sauri", kamar dai yana daya daga cikin jinkirin Renfe, a matsayin abin izgili, amma a cikin 1866. 'El carnaval', wani ruwa mai launi wanda ke cikin 'Los Bourbons en pelota', daga 1868 BNE "Su ne memes na baya, hanyar bayyana kansu daga ƙarni biyu da suka wuce cewa, duk da wannan, a gare mu gaba daya yau da kullum", ya yi nuni da Rudríguez Subirana, wanda shi ma ya yi nuni da siffar mawallafinsa, babban mawallafin zane-zane Francisco Ortego: "Shi ne na farko da za mu iya la'akari da mai zane mai zane, tun da shi ne ya fara sadaukar da kansa ga 'yan jarida kawai kuma ya rayu kawai daga gare ta. wani abu mai wuyar gaske. Mutanen zamaninsa sun san shi sosai, har labarin mutuwarsa a 1881 ya yi tasiri sosai a Spain.
